Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease induced by multiple factors, which causes abnormal activation of intestinal immune cells and excessive release of antibodies and inflammatory factors, repeatedly damaging the intestinal mucosa. Macrophages, as innate intestinal immune cells, often maintain the balance of M1/M2 macrophages polarization to normalize the regression inflammation, and the imbalance of their polarization will cause repeated damage of intestinal mucosa and persistent inflammation, which is a main cause of UC. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as an important regulator of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, is often used as a target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Nrf2 alleviates intestinal high oxidative stress and inflammatory factors by balancing macrophage polarization, which may be of great significance for the prevention and treatment of UC. Summarizing the mechanism of macrophage polarization imbalance on the course of UC and the possible regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 may provide basis for the development of UC targeted therapeutic drugs.