Raoofi Amir, Gholami Omid, Mokhtari Hossein, Bagheri Fatemeh, Rustamzadeh Auob, Nasiry Davood, Ghaemi Alireza
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2024 Mar;51(1):28-41. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06142. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
Chronic scrotal hyperthermia (SHT) can lead to serious disorders of the male reproductive system, with oxidative stress playing a key role in the onset of these dysfunctions. Thus, we evaluated the impact of caffeine, a potent antioxidant, on cellular and tissue disorders in mice with chronic SHT.
In this experimental study, 56 adult male NMRI mice were allocated into seven equal groups. Apart from the non-treated control group, all were exposed to heat stress. Two groups, termed "preventive" and "curative," were orally administered caffeine. The preventive mice began receiving caffeine immediately prior to heat exposure, while for the curative group, a caffeine regimen was initiated 15 consecutive days following cessation of heat exposure. Each treated group was subdivided based on pairing with a positive control (Pre/curative [Cur]+PC) or a vehicle (Pre/Cur+vehicle). Upon conclusion of the study, we assessed sperm characteristics, testosterone levels, stereological parameters, apoptosis, antioxidant and oxidant levels, and molecular markers.
Sperm parameters, testosterone levels, stereological parameters, biochemical factors (excluding malondialdehyde [MDA]), and c-kit gene expression were significantly elevated in the preventive and curative groups, especially the former, relative to the other groups. Conversely, expression levels of the heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) genes, MDA levels, and apoptotic cell density were markedly lower in both caffeine-treated groups relative to the other groups, with more pronounced differences observed in the preventive group.
Overall, caffeine attenuated cellular and molecular abnormalities induced by heat stress in the testis, particularly in the mice treated under the preventive condition.
慢性阴囊高温（SHT）可导致男性生殖系统出现严重紊乱，氧化应激在这些功能障碍的发生中起关键作用。因此，我们评估了强效抗氧化剂咖啡因对慢性SHT小鼠细胞和组织紊乱的影响。
在这项实验研究中，56只成年雄性NMRI小鼠被分为七个相等的组。除未处理的对照组外，所有小鼠均暴露于热应激。两组分别称为“预防性”和“治疗性”，口服咖啡因。预防性小鼠在热暴露前立即开始接受咖啡因，而治疗组在热暴露停止后连续15天开始咖啡因治疗方案。每个治疗组根据与阳性对照（预防性/治疗性[Cur]+PC）或赋形剂（预防性/治疗性+赋形剂）配对进行细分。研究结束时，我们评估了精子特征、睾酮水平、体视学参数、细胞凋亡、抗氧化剂和氧化剂水平以及分子标记物。
与其他组相比，预防性和治疗性组，尤其是前者，精子参数、睾酮水平、体视学参数、生化因子（不包括丙二醛[MDA]）和c-kit基因表达显著升高。相反，与其他组相比，两个咖啡因治疗组的热休克蛋白72（HSP72）和核因子κB（NF-κB）基因表达水平、MDA水平和凋亡细胞密度明显较低，预防性组的差异更明显。
总体而言，咖啡因减轻了热应激诱导的睾丸细胞和分子异常，特别是在预防性条件下治疗的小鼠中。
