School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2024 Apr;92(3):351-367. doi: 10.1007/s10493-023-00889-x. Epub 2024 Mar 3.
Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) has been reported as one of the major sources of indoor allergens that trigger allergic disease in humans. In this study, the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine geographic populations of D. farinae were investigated by analyzing mitochondrial and nuclear genes (COI, Cytb, COI+Cytb, and ITS). The results showed high genetic diversity across the D. farinae populations. The BX (Benxi) population showed the lowest genetic diversity, possibly due to climatic causes. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among D. farinae populations based on mitochondrial genes. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results elucidated that the contribution to the rate of variation was primarily from among populations. Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype network based on mitochondrial genes both indicated significant geographic structure among D. farinae populations. The nine geographic populations of D. farinae were divided into two groups with the Qinling Mountains-Huai River Line serving as the boundary for spatial analysis of molecular variance analysis (SAMOVA). However, the Mantel test analysis showed no association between genetic differentiation and geographic distance because of the high level of gene flow among some populations through the transportation of stored food. Overall, these results indicate both significant genetic differentiation among D. farinae populations, but also significant gene exchange between them. Results from the analysis of the nuclear gene ITS differed from the mitochondrial genes due to differences in molecular markers between mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes. These observations improve our understanding of the genetic diversity and structure of D. farinae populations.
粉尘螨（蜱螨目：粉螨科）已被报道为人类过敏疾病的主要室内过敏原之一。本研究通过分析线粒体和核基因（COI、Cytb、COI+Cytb 和 ITS），研究了 9 个地理种群的粉尘螨的遗传多样性和分化。结果表明，粉尘螨种群具有较高的遗传多样性。BX（本溪）种群的遗传多样性最低，可能是由于气候原因造成的。基于线粒体基因，观察到粉尘螨种群之间存在显著的遗传分化。分析分子方差（AMOVA）结果表明，种群间的变异率主要来自种群间。基于线粒体基因的系统发育分析和单倍型网络均表明粉尘螨种群之间存在明显的地理结构。9 个地理种群的粉尘螨分为两组，以秦岭-淮河线为界进行空间分析分子方差分析（SAMOVA）。然而，由于一些种群通过储存食物的运输进行了高水平的基因流，因此 Mantel 测试分析显示遗传分化与地理距离之间没有关联。总的来说，这些结果表明粉尘螨种群之间存在显著的遗传分化，但它们之间也存在显著的基因交换。由于线粒体基因和核基因之间的分子标记不同，ITS 核基因分析的结果与线粒体基因不同。这些观察结果提高了我们对粉尘螨种群遗传多样性和结构的理解。
