Braun Ueli, Gerspach Christian, Volz Claudia, Hilbe Monika, Nuss Karl
Department of Farm Animals (Braun, Gerspach, Volz, Nuss) and Institute of Veterinary Pathology (Hilbe), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Can Vet J. 2024 Mar;65(3):267-277.
To describe the findings, treatment, and outcome of small intestinal volvulus (SIV) in 47 cows.
Retrospective analysis of medical records. Comparison of the findings for 18 surviving and 29 non-surviving cows.
The most common abnormal vital signs were tachycardia (68.0%), tachypnea (59.6%), and decreased rectal temperature (51.1%). Signs of colic occurred in 66.0% of cows in the study. Rumen motility was reduced or absent in 93.6% of cows, and intestinal motility in 76.6%. Clinical signs on ballottement and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation were positive on the right side in 78.7% of cows. Transrectal examination showed dilated small intestines in 48.9% of cows. The rectum contained little or no feces in 93.6% of cows. The principal laboratory abnormalities were hypocalcemia (74.1%), hypokalemia (73.8%), azotemia (62.8%), hypermagnesemia (61.6%), and hemoconcentration (60.0%). The principal ultrasonographic findings were dilated small intestines (87.1%) and reduced or absent small intestinal motility (85.2%). Forty-one of the 47 cows underwent right flank laparotomy and the SIV was reduced in 21 cows. When comparing the clinical and laboratory findings of 18 surviving and 29 non-surviving cows, the groups differed significantly with respect to severely abnormal general condition (16.7 37.9%), rumen stasis (22.2 79.3%), intestinal atony (16.7 48.3%), serum urea concentration (6.5 9.8 mmol/L), and serum magnesium concentration (0.98 1.30 mmol/L). In summary, 38.3% of the cows were discharged and 61.7% were euthanized before, during, or after surgery.
An acute course of disease, little or no feces in the rectum, and dilated small intestines were characteristic of SIV in this study population.
描述47头奶牛小肠扭转（SIV）的发病情况、治疗方法及结果。
对病历进行回顾性分析。比较18头存活奶牛和29头死亡奶牛的发病情况。
最常见的异常生命体征为心动过速（68.0%）、呼吸急促（59.6%）和直肠温度降低（51.1%）。66.0%的奶牛出现绞痛症状。93.6%的奶牛瘤胃蠕动减弱或消失，76.6%的奶牛肠道蠕动减弱或消失。78.7%的奶牛在冲击触诊和/或叩诊并同时听诊时右侧出现阳性体征。经直肠检查发现48.9%的奶牛小肠扩张。93.6%的奶牛直肠内粪便很少或没有粪便。主要的实验室异常包括低钙血症（74.1%）、低钾血症（73.8%）、氮血症（62.8%）、高镁血症（61.6%）和血液浓缩（60.0%）。主要的超声检查结果为小肠扩张（87.1%）和小肠蠕动减弱或消失（85.2%）。47头奶牛中的41头接受了右侧腹剖腹手术，其中21头奶牛的小肠扭转得到复位。比较18头存活奶牛和29头死亡奶牛的临床和实验室检查结果，两组在严重异常的一般状况（16.7%对37.9%）、瘤胃积食（22.2%对79.3%）、肠道弛缓（16.7%对48.3%）、血清尿素浓度（6.5对9.8 mmol/L）和血清镁浓度（0.98对1.30 mmol/L）方面存在显著差异。总之，38.3%的奶牛在手术前、手术中或手术后出院，61.7%的奶牛实施了安乐死。
在本研究群体中，疾病病程急、直肠内粪便很少或没有粪便以及小肠扩张是小肠扭转的特征。
