1Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
2Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Jul 14;261(10):1531-1538. doi: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0243. Print 2023 Oct 1.
To describe the clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings; treatment; and outcome of cattle with mesenteric torsion (MT).
61 cattle with MT between November 1, 1986, and December 31, 2019.
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results were compared for cattle that survived versus did not survive to hospital discharge.
All cattle had abnormal demeanor. The most common clinical signs were tachycardia (80.3% [49/61]), tachypnea (65.0% [39/60]), and lower rectal temperature (59.3% [35/59]). Signs of colic occurred in 65.6% (40/61). The most common gastrointestinal findings were an empty or almost empty rectum (100% [59/59]), reduced or absent motility of the small intestines (96.6% [57/59]) or rumen (93.2% [55/59]), positive ballottement and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation on the right side (91.7% [55/60]), and dilated small (49.2% [29/59]) and large intestines (spiral colon and/or cecum, 44.1% [26/59]) detected during transrectal examination. The most common laboratory findings were acidosis (82.6%, [38/46]) hypermagnesemia (74.5% [35/47]). Ultrasonographic findings included reduced or absent small intestinal motility (86.7% [26/30]) and dilated small intestines (83.8% [31/37]). The spiral colon was dilated in 32.4% (12/37) of the cattle. Eighty-two percent (50/61) of the cattle underwent right flank laparotomy and the MT could be reduced in 34.4% (21/61). Twenty-three percent (14/61) of the cattle survived to hospital discharge, and 77.0% (47/61) were euthanized before hospital discharge.
Dilated small and large intestines (spiral colon, cecum) combined with a severely abnormal demeanor and tachycardia are characteristic findings in cows with MT. Immediate surgical treatment is paramount.
描述肠系膜扭转（MT）牛的临床、实验室和超声检查结果、治疗方法和转归。
1986 年 11 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日期间，61 头患有 MT 的牛。
回顾性分析病历。比较存活至出院和未存活至出院的牛的结果。
所有牛都表现出异常的行为。最常见的临床症状是心动过速（80.3%[49/61]）、呼吸急促（65.0%[39/60]）和直肠温度降低（59.3%[35/59]）。65.6%（40/61）的牛出现腹痛症状。最常见的胃肠道发现是直肠空或几乎空（100%[59/59]）、小肠运动减少或消失（96.6%[57/59]）或瘤胃（93.2%[55/59]）、右侧有阳性的弹丸样冲击和/或叩诊同时听诊（91.7%[55/60]），经直肠检查发现小肠扩张（49.2%[29/59]）和大肠扩张（螺旋结肠和/或盲肠，44.1%[26/59]）。最常见的实验室发现是酸中毒（82.6%[38/46]）和高镁血症（74.5%[35/47]）。超声检查结果包括小肠运动减少或消失（86.7%[26/30]）和小肠扩张（83.8%[31/37]）。32.4%（12/37）的牛螺旋结肠扩张。82%（50/61）的牛行右侧侧腹切开术，可复位 MT 的占 34.4%（21/61）。23%（14/61）的牛存活至出院，77.0%（47/61）的牛在出院前被安乐死。
扩张的小肠和大肠（螺旋结肠、盲肠）伴有严重的异常行为和心动过速是 MT 牛的特征性发现。立即进行手术治疗至关重要。
