Hidayat Taufiq, Ahmad Asmala, Ngo Hea Choon
Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia.
Informatics Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
PeerJ Comput Sci. 2024 Jan 31;10:e1806. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1806. eCollection 2024.
An implicational base is knowledge extracted from a formal context. The implicational base of a formal context consists of attribute implications which are sound, complete, and non-redundant regarding to the formal context. Non-redundant means that each attribute implication in the implication base cannot be inferred from the others. However, sometimes some attribute implications in the implication base can be inferred from the others together with a prior knowledge. Regarding knowledge discovery, such attribute implications should be not considered as new knowledge and ignored from the implicational base. In other words, such attribute implications are redundant based on prior knowledge. One sort of prior knowledge is a set of constraints that restricts some attributes in data. In formal context, constraints restrict some attributes of objects in the formal context. This article proposes a method to generate non-redundant implication base of a formal context with some constraints which restricting the formal context. In this case, non-redundant implicational base means that the implicational base does not contain all attribute implications which can be inferred from the others together with information of the constraints. This article also proposes a formulation to check the redundant attribute implications and encoding the problem into satisfiability (SAT) problem such that the problem can be solved by SAT Solver, a software which can solve a SAT problem. After implementation, an experiment shows that the proposed method is able to check the redundant attribute implication and generates a non-redundant implicational base of formal context with constraints.
蕴含基是从形式背景中提取的知识。形式背景的蕴含基由属性蕴含组成,这些属性蕴含对于形式背景而言是合理、完备且非冗余的。非冗余意味着蕴含基中的每个属性蕴含都不能从其他属性蕴含中推导出来。然而,有时蕴含基中的一些属性蕴含可以与先验知识一起从其他属性蕴含中推导出来。对于知识发现而言,这样的属性蕴含不应被视为新知识,应从蕴含基中忽略。换句话说,基于先验知识,这样的属性蕴含是冗余的。一种先验知识是一组约束,这些约束会限制数据中的某些属性。在形式背景中,约束会限制形式背景中对象的某些属性。本文提出了一种方法,用于生成具有一些约束形式背景的形式背景的非冗余蕴含基。在这种情况下,非冗余蕴含基意味着蕴含基不包含所有可以与约束信息一起从其他属性蕴含中推导出来的属性蕴含。本文还提出了一种公式,用于检查冗余属性蕴含,并将该问题编码为可满足性(SAT)问题,以便该问题可以由SAT求解器(一种可以解决SAT问题的软件)来解决。实施后,一项实验表明,所提出的方法能够检查冗余属性蕴含,并生成具有约束的形式背景的非冗余蕴含基。