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铁载体-铂(IV)缀合物的研究揭示了不同的抗菌活性和 DNA 损伤取决于铂的有效载荷。

Investigation of Siderophore-Platinum(IV) Conjugates Reveals Differing Antibacterial Activity and DNA Damage Depending on the Platinum Cargo.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

出版信息

ACS Infect Dis. 2024 Apr 12;10(4):1250-1266. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00686. Epub 2024 Mar 4.

Abstract

The growing threat of bacterial infections coupled with the dwindling arsenal of effective antibiotics has heightened the urgency for innovative strategies to combat bacterial pathogens, particularly Gram-negative strains, which pose a significant challenge due to their outer membrane permeability barrier. In this study, we repurpose clinically approved anticancer agents as targeted antibacterials. We report two new siderophore-platinum(IV) conjugates, both of which consist of an oxaliplatin-based Pt(IV) prodrug (oxPt(IV)) conjugated to enterobactin (Ent), a triscatecholate siderophore employed by Enterobacteriaceae for iron acquisition. We demonstrate that l/d-Ent-oxPt(IV) (l/d-EOP) are selectively delivered into the cytoplasm, achieving targeted antibacterial activity, causing filamentous morphology, and leading to enhanced Pt uptake by bacterial cells but reduced Pt uptake by human cells. d-EOP exhibits enhanced potency compared to oxaliplatin and l-EOP, primarily attributed to the intrinsic antibacterial activity of its non-native siderophore moiety. To further elucidate the antibacterial activity of Ent-Pt(IV) conjugates, we probed DNA damage caused by l/d-EOP and the previously reported cisplatin-based conjugates l/d-Ent-Pt(IV) (l/d-EP). A comparative analysis of these four conjugates reveals a correlation between antibacterial activity and the ability to induce DNA damage. This work expands the scope of Pt cargos targeted to the cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria via Ent conjugation, provides insight into the cellular consequences of Ent-Pt(IV) conjugates in , and furthers our understanding of the potential of Pt-based therapeutics for antibacterial applications.

摘要

细菌感染的威胁日益增加,而有效的抗生素数量却在减少,这使得人们迫切需要创新策略来对抗细菌病原体,尤其是革兰氏阴性菌,由于其外膜通透性屏障,它们构成了重大挑战。在这项研究中,我们将临床批准的抗癌药物重新用作靶向抗菌药物。我们报告了两种新的铁载体-铂(IV)缀合物,它们都由基于奥沙利铂的 Pt(IV)前药(oxPt(IV))与肠菌素(Ent)缀合而成,Ent 是一种三儿茶酚铁载体,被肠杆菌科用于获取铁。我们证明 l/d-Ent-oxPt(IV)(l/d-EOP)选择性递送至细胞质中,实现靶向抗菌活性,导致丝状形态,并导致细菌细胞中 Pt 的摄取增加,而人细胞中 Pt 的摄取减少。d-EOP 与奥沙利铂和 l-EOP 相比表现出增强的效力,主要归因于其非天然铁载体部分的固有抗菌活性。为了进一步阐明 Ent-Pt(IV)缀合物的抗菌活性,我们研究了 l/d-EOP 和先前报道的顺铂基缀合物 l/d-Ent-Pt(IV)(l/d-EP)引起的 DNA 损伤。对这四种缀合物的比较分析揭示了抗菌活性与诱导 DNA 损伤能力之间的相关性。这项工作通过 Ent 缀合扩展了靶向革兰氏阴性菌细胞质的 Pt 有效载荷的范围,提供了对 Ent-Pt(IV)缀合物在 内的细胞后果的深入了解,并进一步加深了我们对基于 Pt 的治疗药物在抗菌应用中的潜力的理解。

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