Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Oct;61(10):7877-7889. doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-03999-8. Epub 2024 Mar 4.
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first human oncogenic retrovirus to be discovered and causes two major diseases: a progressive neuro-inflammatory disease, termed HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and an aggressive malignancy of T lymphocytes known as adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Innate and acquired immune responses play pivotal roles in controlling the status of HTLV-1-infected cells and such, the outcome of HTLV-1 infection. Natural killer cells (NKCs) are the effector cells of the innate immune system and are involved in controlling viral infections and several types of cancers. The ability of NKCs to trigger cytotoxicity to provide surveillance against viruses and cancer depends on the balance between the inhibitory and activating signals. In this review, we will discuss NKC function and the alterations in the frequency of these cells in HTLV-1 infection.
人类 T 细胞白血病病毒 1 型（HTLV-1）是第一个被发现的人类致癌逆转录病毒，可引起两种主要疾病：一种是进行性神经炎症性疾病，称为 HTLV-1 相关脊髓病/热带痉挛性截瘫（HAM/TSP），另一种是称为成人 T 细胞白血病（ATL）的侵袭性 T 淋巴细胞恶性肿瘤。先天和获得性免疫反应在控制 HTLV-1 感染细胞的状态方面起着关键作用，从而影响 HTLV-1 感染的结果。自然杀伤细胞（NKCs）是先天免疫系统的效应细胞，参与控制病毒感染和多种类型的癌症。NKC 触发细胞毒性以提供针对病毒和癌症的监测能力取决于抑制和激活信号之间的平衡。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 NKC 的功能以及这些细胞在 HTLV-1 感染中的频率变化。
