Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Mar 19;58(11):5047-5057. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08904. Epub 2024 Mar 4.
The chemical composition of incense-generated organic aerosol in residential indoor air has received limited attention in Western literature. In this study, we conducted incense burning experiments in a single-family California residence during vacancy. We report the chemical composition of organic fine particulate matter (PM), associated emission factors (EFs), and gas-particle phase partitioning for indoor semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Speciated organic PM measurements were made using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-HR-ToF-MS) and semivolatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography (SV-TAG). Organic PM EFs ranged from 7 to 31 mg g for burned incense and were largely comprised of polar and oxygenated species, with high abundance of biomass-burning tracers such as levoglucosan. Differences in PM EFs and chemical profiles were observed in relation to the type of incense burned. Nine indoor SVOCs considered to originate from sources other than incense combustion were enhanced during incense events. Time-resolved concentrations of these SVOCs correlated well with PM mass ( > 0.75), suggesting that low-volatility SVOCs such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate partitioned to incense-generated PM. Both direct emissions and enhanced partitioning of low-volatility indoor SVOCs to incense-generated PM can influence inhalation exposures during and after indoor incense use.
在西方文献中，对住宅室内空气中香薰产生的有机气溶胶的化学成分关注有限。在这项研究中，我们在加利福尼亚州的一栋单户住宅中进行了香薰燃烧实验，当时该住宅无人居住。我们报告了有机细颗粒物（PM）的化学组成、相关排放因子（EF）以及室内半挥发性有机化合物（SVOC）的气粒分相分配。使用二维气相色谱法与高分辨率飞行时间质谱（GC×GC-HR-ToF-MS）和半挥发性热解吸气溶胶气相色谱（SV-TAG）对有机 PM 进行了定量分析。燃烧香薰的有机 PM EF 值范围为 7 至 31 mg/g，主要由极性和含氧物种组成，生物质燃烧示踪物如左旋葡聚糖的丰度很高。与燃烧的香薰类型有关，观察到 PM EF 值和化学特征存在差异。在香薰事件期间，被认为来源于香薰燃烧以外的 9 种室内 SVOC 得到了增强。这些 SVOC 的时间分辨浓度与 PM 质量（>0.75）相关性很好，表明低挥发性 SVOC 如邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯和丁基苄基邻苯二甲酸酯分配到香薰产生的 PM 中。低挥发性室内 SVOC 对香薰产生的 PM 的直接排放和增强的分配都会影响室内使用香薰期间和之后的吸入暴露。
