Topless-related 2 conferred cadmium accumulation in wheat.

Wheat is a vital food crop that faces threats from various abiotic and biotic stresses. Understanding the molecular mechanism of cadmium (Cd) resistance can provide valuable insights into the tolerance of wheat. Plant proteins known as Topless/Topless-Related (TPL/TPR) play a role in growth, development, defense regulation, and stress response. In this study, we identified TaTPR2 as being induced by Cd stress treatment. Upon Cd treatment, wheat plants overexpressing TaTPR2 exhibited better growth compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, the transgenic lines showed reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) compared to WT plants. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage compared to WT plants. Further analysis revealed that TabHLH41 directly binds to the E-box motif of the TaTPR2 promoter and positively regulates its expression. Overall, the overexpression of TaTPR2 in transgenic wheat resulted in reduced accumulation of Cd and ROS. These findings highlight the significance of the TabHLH41-TaTPR2 pathway as a crucial response to Cd stress in wheat.