Dept. of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India.
Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
Dent Mater. 2024 May;40(5):e1-e13. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.016. Epub 2024 Mar 3.
Functionally graded materials (FGM) with indistinct boundaries potentially eliminate the damaging stresses occurring at the interfaces. FGM applications in dental ceramics have enhanced their fatigue resistance and interfacial toughness.
This scoping review aims to map graded designs in dental ceramics, distinguish their methodological approaches with their material characteristics and properties, and understand the factors affecting the outcomes of each of the graded approaches.
A systematic electronic search was performed with the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar along with a manual search.
About 2675 articles were initially found from all the searches with no date restriction till July 2023. After rejecting duplicates and based on exclusion criteria, about 52 articles were included.
Methodological approaches in grading such as glass-infiltration and silica-infiltration have been investigated on pre-sintered zirconia. The type of infiltration and the method of infiltrate application significantly influenced the phase transformation of zirconia, its microstructure, surface hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength, wear, and fatigue strength of graded dental zirconia. Interlayers were accommodated between metal-ceramic and veneer-core all-ceramic layers. Fractions of zirconia-porcelain and alumina-porcelain showed high bending strength and better stress distribution. The results of finite element analysis studies predicted that using 10-layered graded layers reduced the stresses at the crown-cement-dentin interface.
具有不明显边界的梯度功能材料（FGM）可能消除界面处产生的破坏性应力。梯度功能材料在牙科陶瓷中的应用提高了它们的抗疲劳性和界面韧性。
本范围综述旨在绘制牙科陶瓷中的梯度设计，区分它们的方法学方法与其材料特性和性能，并了解影响每种梯度方法结果的因素。
系统地进行了电子检索，使用了数据库 MEDLINE（PubMed）、Scopus、Cochrane 图书馆、EBSCO 和 Google Scholar，同时还进行了手动搜索。
最初从所有搜索中找到了大约 2675 篇文章，没有日期限制，直到 2023 年 7 月。在排除重复项并根据排除标准后，大约有 52 篇文章被纳入。
在预烧结氧化锆上研究了分级的方法学方法，如玻璃渗透和二氧化硅渗透。渗透的类型和渗透剂的应用方法显著影响了氧化锆的相转变、微观结构、表面硬度、断裂韧性、弯曲强度、磨损和梯度牙科氧化锆的疲劳强度。在金属陶瓷和贴面-核全瓷层之间设置了中间层。氧化锆-瓷和氧化铝-瓷的分数表现出较高的弯曲强度和更好的应力分布。有限元分析研究的结果预测，使用 10 层梯度层可减少冠-粘结剂-牙本质界面处的应力。
