Minei Sergio, Auriemma Edoardo, Bonacini Serena, Kent Michael S, Gracis Margherita
Istituto Veterinario di Novara AniCura, Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Novara, Italy.
Clinica Veterinaria San Siro AniCura, Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Milan, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Feb 19;11:1338623. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1338623. eCollection 2024.
The primary objective of this retrospective study was to document the normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in cats and possible associations with bodyweight, age, sex, sexual status, breed and skull morphology. Secondarily, the radiographic appearance of the mandibular symphysis and possible associations with the analyzed data were evaluated.
Two hundred and sixteen cats of 15 different breeds that underwent maxillofacial, oral and dental procedures from April 2015 to December 2021 were included. Clinical mobility was evaluated under general anesthesia using a 0 to 3 scale in lateromedial (LM) and dorsoventral (DV) directions. The symphysis was radiographically classified on the occlusal radiographic view of the rostral mandibles as fused or open, and with parallel or divergent margins.
Bodyweight ranged from 2.2 to 12.5 kg (median 4.0 kg), age from 4 months to 17 years and 4 months (median 6 years and 4 months). At the first evaluation DV symphyseal mobility was 0 in 177 cases (82%), 1 in 32 cases (14.8%) and 2 in 7 cases (3.2%), LM mobility was 0 in 61 cases (28.3%), 1 in 110 cases (50.9%) and 2 in 45 cases (20.8%). 81.1% of the radiographs were included in the statistical analysis. Three symphyses (1.6%) were classified as fused and 190 (98.4%) as open, 129 (68.8%) having divergent margins and 61 (31.6%) parallel. One hundred and forty-eight cases (76.7%) did not show the presence of odontoclastic replacement resorption on the canine teeth (TR subgroup 1), 23 (11.9%) showed stage ≤3 lesions (TR subgroup 2) and 22 (11.4%) stage 4 lesions (TR subgroup 3). Logistic regression models exploring factors that affected DV and LM mobility were statistically significant ( < 0.0001; < 0.0001) with an increase in LM mobility predicting an increase in DV mobility, and vice versa. An increase in DV mobility was associated with an increase in age and in having resorptive lesions. A decrease in LM symphyseal mobility was associated with being brachycephalic.
The great majority of cases showed some degree of LM symphyseal mobility, and 18% showed DV mobility. Symphyseal bony fusion is rare but possible.
本回顾性研究的主要目的是记录猫下颌联合临床活动度的正常变异情况，以及其与体重、年龄、性别、性状况、品种和颅骨形态之间可能存在的关联。其次，评估了下颌联合的影像学表现及其与所分析数据之间可能存在的关联。
纳入了2015年4月至2021年12月期间接受颌面、口腔和牙科手术的15个不同品种的216只猫。在全身麻醉下，使用0至3级评分标准在内外侧（LM）和背腹侧（DV）方向评估临床活动度。在 Rostral 下颌骨的咬合位X线片上，将联合部在影像学上分类为融合或开放，以及边缘平行或发散。
体重范围为2.2至12.5千克（中位数4.0千克），年龄为4个月至17岁零4个月（中位数6岁零4个月）。在首次评估时，DV联合部活动度为0的有177例（82%），为1的有32例（14.8%），为2的有7例（3.2%）；LM活动度为0的有61例（28.3%），为1的有110例（50.9%），为2的有45例（20.8%）。81.1%的X线片纳入了统计分析。3个联合部（1.6%）被分类为融合，190个（98.4%）为开放，129个（68.8%）边缘发散，61个（31.6%）边缘平行。148例（76.7%）犬齿未出现破牙细胞性替代性吸收（TR亚组1），23例（11.9%）显示≤3期病变（TR亚组2），22例（11.4%）显示4期病变（TR亚组3）。探索影响DV和LM活动度因素的逻辑回归模型具有统计学意义（<0.0001；<0.0001），LM活动度增加预示着DV活动度增加，反之亦然。DV活动度增加与年龄增长和存在吸收性病变有关。LM联合部活动度降低与短头畸形有关。
绝大多数病例显示出一定程度的LM联合部活动度，18%显示出DV活动度。联合部骨融合罕见但有可能发生。
