Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Av. IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Mar 5;51(1):387. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09305-y.
Vault (vt) RNAs are noncoding (nc) RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III) with 5'-triphosphate (5'-PPP) termini that play significant roles and are recognized by innate immune sensors, including retinoic acid-inducible protein 1 (RIG-I). In addition, vtRNAs adopt secondary structures that can be targets of interferon-inducible protein kinase R (PKR) and the oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L system, both of which are important for activating antiviral defenses. However, changes in the expression of vtRNAs have been associated with pathological processes that activate proinflammatory pathways, which influence cellular events such as differentiation, aging, autophagy, apoptosis, and drug resistance in cancer cells.
In this review, we summarized the biology of vtRNAs and focused on their interactions with the innate immune system. These findings provide insights into the diverse roles of vtRNAs and their correlation with various cellular processes to improve our understanding of their biological functions.
Vault (vt) RNA 是由 RNA 聚合酶 III（RNA Pol III）转录的非编码（nc）RNA，具有 5'-三磷酸（5'-PPP）末端，在先天免疫传感器中发挥重要作用并被其识别，包括视黄酸诱导蛋白 1（RIG-I）。此外，vtRNA 采用二级结构，可成为干扰素诱导的蛋白激酶 R（PKR）和寡聚腺苷酸合成酶（OAS）/核糖核酸酶 L 系统的靶标，这两者对于激活抗病毒防御都很重要。然而，vtRNA 的表达变化与激活促炎途径的病理过程有关，这些途径影响细胞事件，如癌细胞的分化、衰老、自噬、凋亡和耐药性。
在这篇综述中，我们总结了 vtRNA 的生物学特性，并重点介绍了它们与先天免疫系统的相互作用。这些发现为我们深入了解 vtRNA 的多种作用及其与各种细胞过程的相关性提供了线索，从而有助于我们更好地理解其生物学功能。
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