Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel; School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel.
Waste Manag. 2024 Apr 30;179:22-31. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.047. Epub 2024 Mar 5.
Rotary drums enable rapid composting compared to static systems. Residence times (RT) of 3-5 days are commonly applied to fulfill sanitary requirements and ensure the initial stabilization of organic matter. Practically, RT distribution (RTD) implies that a portion of the feed is discharged earlier than the mean RT, which may not guarantee safe application of the end product. This study assessed RTD and other physical-chemical and biological parameters of cattle manure and green waste composted in an Ecodrum rotary drum (∼10 m). Two types of tracers were used: pieces of plastic tubing and lumps of raw material in which plant seeds were buried, which were packed in nylon socks. A transient-state during which less than 50 % of the drum volume was occupied was distinguished from a steady-state stage, during which the drum operated with its optimal loading of about two-thirds of its volume. Starting temperatures inside the drum were close to ambient when the drum was mostly empty and then increased up to 60-65 °C as the occupied volume approached 50 %. The two types of tracers seemed to provide complementary measurements; under steady-state conditions, actual RTs were 60 % of the mean RT for 10 % of the feed material. The viability of plant seeds which were included in tracers was somewhat dependent on the specific RT. Under transient-state conditions, even shorter RTs (relative to the mean RT) are expected, coupled with non-thermophilic conditions, reducing the likelihood of adequate destruction of pathogens.
与静态系统相比，转筒可实现快速堆肥。通常应用停留时间（RT）3-5 天来满足卫生要求并确保有机物的初始稳定。实际上，停留时间分布（RTD）意味着一部分进料比平均 RT 更早排出，这可能无法保证最终产品的安全应用。本研究评估了在 Ecodrum 转筒（约 10 米）中堆肥的牛粪和绿废物的 RTD 以及其他物理化学和生物学参数。使用了两种示踪剂：塑料管段和埋有植物种子的原料块，它们被包装在尼龙袜子中。一个暂态阶段与稳态阶段区分开来，在暂态阶段，转筒的填充量小于其体积的 50%，在稳态阶段，转筒以其最佳填充量（约三分之二的体积）运行。当转筒大部分为空时，转筒内的起始温度接近环境温度，然后随着填充体积接近 50%，温度升高至 60-65°C。两种类型的示踪剂似乎提供了互补的测量；在稳态条件下，进料的 10%的实际 RT 是平均 RT 的 60%。包含在示踪剂中的植物种子的活力在一定程度上取决于特定的 RT。在暂态条件下，预计会出现比平均 RT 更短的 RT（相对于平均 RT），加上非嗜热条件，降低了病原体充分破坏的可能性。
