School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, China; CATARC (Tianjin), Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300399, China.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, China.
Chin J Traumatol. 2024 Jul;27(4):211-217. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.02.005. Epub 2024 Feb 23.
With the increasing level of automation in automobiles, the advent of autonomous vehicles has reduced the tendency of drivers and passengers to focus on the task of driving. The increasing automation in automobiles reduced the drivers' and passengers' focus on driving, which allowed occupants to choose a more relaxed and comfortable sitting position. Meanwhile, the occupant's sitting position went from a frontal, upright position to a more relaxed and reclined one, which resulted in the existing restraint systems cannot to keep occupants safe and secure. This study aimed to determine the effects of different reclining states on occupants' lumbar and neck injuries.
This is an original research on the field of automotive safety engineering. Occupants in different initial sitting positions (25°, 35°, 45°, and 55°) were adapted to changes in seat back angle and restraint systems and placed in the same frontal impact environment. Neck injury indexes, lumbar axial compression force and acceleration, as well as occupant dynamic response during the impact, were compared in different sitting positions. The injury response and kinematic characteristics of occupants in different reclining positions were analyzed by the control variable method.
As the sitting angle increased, the occupant's head acceleration decreased, and the forward-lean angle decreased. Occupants in the standard sitting position had the greatest neck injury, with an N of 0.95, and were susceptible to abbreviated injury scale 2+ cervical medullary injuries. As the seatback angle increased, the geometric position of the lumbar spine tended to be horizontal, and the impact load transmitted greater forces to the lumbar spine. The occupant's lumbar injury was greatest in the lying position, with a peak axial compression force on the lumbar region of 5.5 KN, which was 2.3 KN greater than in the standard sitting position.
The study of occupant lumbar and neck injuries based on different recline states can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing lumbar evaluation indexes, which is conducive to the understanding of the lumbar injury mechanism and the comprehensive consideration of occupant safety protection.
随着汽车自动化水平的提高，自动驾驶汽车的出现降低了驾驶员和乘客对驾驶任务的关注。汽车自动化程度的提高降低了驾驶员和乘客对驾驶的关注，使乘客能够选择更放松和舒适的坐姿。同时，乘客的坐姿从正面、直立的姿势变为更放松和倾斜的姿势，这导致现有的约束系统无法保证乘客的安全。本研究旨在确定不同倾斜状态对乘客腰部和颈部损伤的影响。
这是一项关于汽车安全工程领域的原始研究。在不同初始坐姿（25°、35°、45°和 55°）下的乘客适应座椅靠背角度和约束系统的变化，并置于相同的正面冲击环境中。比较了不同坐姿下颈部损伤指标、腰部轴向压缩力和加速度以及碰撞过程中乘客的动态响应。通过控制变量法分析了不同倾斜位置下乘客的损伤反应和运动学特性。
随着坐姿角度的增加，乘客头部加速度减小，前倾角减小。标准坐姿的乘客颈部损伤最大，N 值为 0.95，易发生简短损伤量表 2+颈髓损伤。随着靠背角度的增加，腰椎的几何位置趋于水平，冲击载荷向腰椎传递更大的力。仰卧位时乘客的腰部损伤最大，腰部区域的轴向压缩力峰值为 5.5 KN，比标准坐姿时大 2.3 KN。
基于不同倾斜状态的乘客腰部和颈部损伤研究可以为优化腰部评估指标提供理论依据，有利于理解腰部损伤机制和综合考虑乘客安全保护。
