Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Eye (Lond). 2024 Aug;38(11):2117-2123. doi: 10.1038/s41433-024-02960-2. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
This study determined the prevalence and aetiology of unilateral visual impairment (VI) and blindness and its associated factors in school children.
We conducted a multistage, cross-sectional study in primary and secondary schools of Saki-East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Unilateral VI was defined as presenting visual acuity (PVA) worse than +0.3 LogMAR (6/12) and unilateral blindness as PVA worse than +1.3 LogMAR (3/60) in the worse eye. Detailed ocular examinations were performed for students with unilateral VI, and Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore associations with independent variables.
The mean age of participants was 11 ± 3.2 years. Thirty-six (0.98%) of 3671 children had unilateral VI, and fifteen children had unilateral blindness (0.41%), giving a combined prevalence of 1.39 ± 0.5%. History of ocular trauma was reported by 14 (27.5%) participants with unilateral VI and blindness. In addition, those with a history of ocular trauma were 6.5 times more likely to be blind or have a severe VI (95% CI 1.5-2.8) than those without a history of ocular trauma. Uncorrected refractive error was the major cause of unilateral VI in 26 (51%) participants, while traumatic cataract was the main cause of unilateral blindness seen in 5 (9.8%) participants, none of whom had a previous eye examination.
Fourteen per thousand school children had unilateral VI in this study; the major causes were refractive error and cataract, which are treatable. Ocular trauma was a significant risk factor for unilateral VI and blindness.
本研究旨在确定在校儿童中单侧视力障碍（VI）和盲的患病率、病因学及其相关因素。
我们在尼日利亚奥约州萨基-东地方政府区的小学和中学进行了多阶段、横断面研究。单侧 VI 定义为较差眼的最佳矫正视力（BCVA）差于+0.3 LogMAR（6/12），单侧盲定义为较差眼的 BCVA 差于+1.3 LogMAR（3/60）。对单侧 VI 患者进行了详细的眼部检查，并进行了逻辑回归分析以探索与独立变量的关联。
参与者的平均年龄为 11±3.2 岁。3671 名儿童中有 36 名（0.98%）患有单侧 VI，15 名儿童患有单侧盲（0.41%），总患病率为 1.39±0.5%。14 名（27.5%）单侧 VI 和盲患者报告有眼部创伤史。此外，有眼部创伤史的患者比无眼部创伤史的患者更有可能失明或视力严重受损（95%CI 1.5-2.8）。未矫正屈光不正（26 名，占 51%）是导致单侧 VI 的主要原因，外伤性白内障是导致 5 名（9.8%）单侧盲的主要原因，这些患者均未进行过眼部检查。
在这项研究中，每千名在校儿童中有 14 名患有单侧 VI；主要原因是可治疗的屈光不正和白内障。眼部创伤是单侧 VI 和盲的重要危险因素。
