Airway Management During Diagnostic Laparoscopic Surgery: A Comparison of I-Gel and Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway.

BACKGROUND

Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) may be used during laparoscopic procedures in place of the often utilised endotracheal tube. The Proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) is designed with an inflatable cuff, which provides an excellent oropharyngeal seal, and the I-gel is a newer SAD designed with a softer and noninflatable cuff and sharing similar features with PLMA.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

This study compared the ease of insertion, haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters as well as morbidities associated with these SADs when used for airway management during diagnostic laparoscopic procedures.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Eighty American Society of Anaesthesiologist I and II patients aged 18-60 years undergoing diagnostic laparoscopic surgery under controlled ventilation had either I-gel or PLMA used for airway management. Anaesthesia was induced with standard dose of propofol, patient received atracurium, fentanyl and the SAD inserted. Pulse oximetry, capnography, noninvasive blood pressure, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), and evidence of pharyngolaryngeal morbidity were assessed. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. The quantitative variables were analysed using the Student's test and the qualitative using the Chi-square test. A value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

The success rates at first insertion for I-gel and PLMA were 95% and 80%, respectively ( = 0.04). The mean changes in mean arterial pressure following insertion were 9.6 mmHg (±4.7) and 10.6 mmHg (±8) for I-gel and PLMA, respectively ( = 0.02). The OLP during insufflation was higher in the PLMA (35.8 cmH2O) than in the I-gel group (27.9 cmH2O) ( = 0.57). In the I-gel group, 12.5% of the patients had oropharyngeal morbidities compared with 37.5% in the PLMA group ( = 0.009).

CONCLUSION

Both I-gel and PLMA provide optimal ventilation during abdominal insufflation, with PLMA providing a better oropharyngeal seal, whereas I-gel has a better haemodynamic profile.