Indications for and management of cardiac pacemakers.

Cardiac pacemakers are now at the forefront of medical technology. The ability to provide pacing therapy adapted to the individual patient has resulted in significant patient benefit. Although the indications for cardiac pacing have changed little over the past decade, the types of pacemakers available for specific bradyarrhythmias have proliferated in leaps and bounds. This technology is complex and sophisticated and requires in-depth knowledge for appropriate utilization. Artificial replacement of the human conduction system is now a reality. Still other advances remain to be achieved in this area, mainly in sensor technology and pacing therapy for tachyarrhythmias. At the current rate of development, the outlook is indeed promising.