Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nat Commun. 2024 Mar 7;15(1):2078. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46355-z.
Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of diversity effects is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher species-level productivity in diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that the temporal strength of diversity effects at the community scale is underpinned by temporal changes in the species that yield. These temporal trends of species-level overyielding are shaped by plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited by functional traits. In grasslands, the temporal strengthening of biodiversity effects on community productivity was associated with increasing biomass overyielding of resource-conservative species increasing over time, and with overyielding of species characterized by fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. In forests, temporal trends in species overyielding differ when considering above- versus belowground resource acquisition strategies. Overyielding in stem growth decreased for species with high light capture capacity but increased for those with high soil resource acquisition capacity. Our results imply that a diversity of species with different, and potentially complementary, ecological strategies is beneficial for maintaining community productivity over time in both grassland and forest ecosystems.
植物多样性对群落生产力的影响通常随时间增加。多样性效应的增强是否是由于物种水平的超生产力（即与单一种群相比，多样性群落中的物种生产力更高）随时间的推移而发生变化尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用来自 65 个草原和森林生物多样性实验的数据，表明在群落尺度上多样性效应的时间强度是由产生生产力的物种的时间变化所支撑的。这些物种水平超生产力的时间趋势受植物生态策略的影响，这些策略可以通过功能特征进行定量界定。在草原中，生物多样性对群落生产力的增强作用随时间的推移与资源保守物种的生物量超生产力的增加有关，而资源获取快速的物种的超生产力要么减少，要么增加。在森林中，当考虑地上和地下资源获取策略时，物种超生产力的时间趋势不同。具有高光照捕获能力的物种的茎生长超生产力下降，而具有高土壤资源获取能力的物种的超生产力增加。我们的研究结果表明，具有不同且可能互补的生态策略的多种物种有利于在草原和森林生态系统中随着时间的推移维持群落生产力。
