Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brasil.
Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química - (CONICET- UNL), Universidad Católica de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr;31(18):26880-26894. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32810-3. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
Salt marshes are capable of mitigating metal pollution in coastal environments, yet the efficacy of this remediation is contingent upon various environmental factors and the plant species involved. This study investigates the influence of different anthropogenic activities, including industrial, urban, recreational (in an insular area), and dredging operations, on the bioaccumulation of eight metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) within Spartina alterniflora Loisel. in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Brazil. The research aims to assess the pattern of metal bioaccumulation and distribution within the plant's leaves, stems, and roots while also examining metal presence in the sediment. Our main findings reveal that S. alterniflora exhibited elevated metal levels in its plant structure directly related with the metal concentrations in the surrounding sediment, which, in turn, is related to the different anthropogenic activities. The industrial area presented the highest metal levels in sediment and plant sections, followed by dredging, insular, and urban areas. This same pattern was mirrored for the bioconcetration factors (BCF), with the BCFs consistently indicating active metal bioaccumulation across all areas and for most of the metals. This provides evidence of the metal bioaccumulation pattern in S. alterniflora, with elevated BCFs in areas affected by activities with a higher degree of impact. Translocation factors (TF) showed varying metal mobility patterns within the plant's below-ground and above-ground sections across the different areas, with only Hg exhibiting consistent translocation across all study areas. Zn was the primary metal contributor in all plant sections, followed by Pb and Cu. It is worth noting that Pb is a non-essential metal for this plant, highlighting the relationship between elevated Pb contributions in the plant sections and the bioaccumulation of this metal within the plant's structure. Overall, this study emphasizes the bioaccumulation capacity of S. alterniflora and elucidate the intrinsic connection between different anthropogenic activities and their impact on the resultant availability and bioaccumulation of metals by this salt marsh plant.
盐沼能够减轻沿海环境中的金属污染，但这种修复效果取决于各种环境因素和涉及的植物物种。本研究调查了不同人为活动（包括工业、城市、娱乐（在一个岛屿地区）和疏浚作业）对巴西帕托斯泻湖河口盐沼植物互花米草（Spartina alterniflora Loisel.）中八种金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）生物积累的影响。该研究旨在评估金属在植物叶片、茎和根内的生物积累和分布模式，同时检查金属在沉积物中的存在情况。我们的主要发现表明，互花米草在其植物结构中表现出与周围沉积物中金属浓度直接相关的金属水平升高，而周围沉积物中的金属浓度又与不同的人为活动有关。工业区的沉积物和植物部分的金属含量最高，其次是疏浚区、岛屿区和城市区。生物浓缩因子（BCF）也呈现出相同的模式，BCF 始终表明所有区域和大多数金属都存在主动的金属生物积累。这为互花米草中的金属生物积累模式提供了证据，在受活动影响程度较高的区域，BCF 升高。在不同区域，转运因子（TF）显示金属在植物地下和地上部分的迁移模式不同，只有 Hg 表现出在所有研究区域的一致迁移。Zn 是所有植物部分的主要金属贡献者，其次是 Pb 和 Cu。值得注意的是，Pb 对这种植物是非必需的金属，这突出了植物部分中 Pb 含量升高与该金属在植物结构中的生物积累之间的关系。总的来说，本研究强调了互花米草的生物积累能力，并阐明了不同人为活动及其对这种盐沼植物中金属的可得性和生物积累的影响之间的内在联系。
