Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 May 5;469:133955. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133955. Epub 2024 Mar 5.
The complexity around the dynamic markets for new psychoactive substances (NPS) forces researchers to develop and apply innovative analytical strategies to detect and identify them in influent urban wastewater. In this work a comprehensive suspect screening workflow following liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry analysis was established utilising the open-source InSpectra data processing platform and the HighResNPS library. In total, 278 urban influent wastewater samples from 47 sites in 16 countries were collected to investigate the presence of NPS and other drugs of abuse. A total of 50 compounds were detected in samples from at least one site. Most compounds found were prescription drugs such as gabapentin (detection frequency 79%), codeine (40%) and pregabalin (15%). However, cocaine was the most found illicit drug (83%), in all countries where samples were collected apart from the Republic of Korea and China. Eight NPS were also identified with this protocol: 3-methylmethcathinone 11%), eutylone (6%), etizolam (2%), 3-chloromethcathinone (4%), mitragynine (6%), phenibut (2%), 25I-NBOH (2%) and trimethoxyamphetamine (2%). The latter three have not previously been reported in municipal wastewater samples. The workflow employed allowed the prioritisation of features to be further investigated, reducing processing time and gaining in confidence in their identification.
新精神活性物质（NPS）的动态市场的复杂性迫使研究人员开发并应用创新的分析策略，以在有影响的城市废水中检测和识别它们。在这项工作中，建立了一种全面的可疑物筛选工作流程，该流程采用了基于开放源代码的 InSpectra 数据处理平台和 HighResNPS 库，对液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析进行了跟踪。总共收集了来自 16 个国家的 47 个地点的 278 个城市废水样本，以调查 NPS 和其他滥用药物的存在情况。在至少一个地点的样本中检测到了 50 种化合物。发现的大多数化合物是处方药物，如加巴喷丁（检出频率 79%）、可待因（40%）和普瑞巴林（15%）。然而，可卡因是所有收集样本的国家（韩国和中国除外）中发现的最常见的非法药物（83%）。根据这一方案还确定了八种 NPS：3-甲基甲卡西酮（11%）、依他酮（6%）、依唑仑（2%）、3-氯甲卡西酮（4%）、育亨宾（6%）、苯丁酸（2%）、25I-NBOH（2%）和三甲氧基苯丙胺（2%）。后三种以前没有在城市废水中报道过。所采用的工作流程允许对特征进行优先排序，以进一步进行调查，从而缩短处理时间并提高识别的可信度。
