Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Neuron. 2024 Apr 17;112(8):1222-1234. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.010. Epub 2024 Mar 7.
On the surface, the two hemispheres of vertebrate brains look almost perfectly symmetrical, but several motor, sensory, and cognitive systems show a deeply lateralized organization. Importantly, the two hemispheres are connected by various commissures, white matter tracts that cross the brain's midline and enable cross-hemispheric communication. Cross-hemispheric communication has been suggested to play an important role in the emergence of lateralized brain functions. Here, we review current advances in understanding cross-hemispheric communication that have been made using modern neuroscientific tools in rodents and other model species, such as genetic labeling, large-scale recordings of neuronal activity, spatiotemporally precise perturbation, and quantitative behavior analyses. These findings suggest that the emergence of lateralized brain functions cannot be fully explained by largely static factors such as genetic variation and differences in structural brain asymmetries. In addition, learning-dependent asymmetric interactions between the left and right hemispheres shape lateralized brain functions.
从表面上看，脊椎动物大脑的两个半球看起来几乎完全对称，但几个运动、感觉和认知系统表现出明显的偏侧化组织。重要的是，两个半球通过各种连合（白质束）连接，这些白质束穿过大脑的中线，使大脑半球之间能够进行通讯。有人认为，大脑半球间的通讯在偏侧化脑功能的出现中起着重要作用。在这里，我们综述了利用现代神经科学工具在啮齿动物和其他模型物种中取得的关于大脑半球间通讯的最新进展，如遗传标记、神经元活动的大规模记录、时空精确的干扰以及定量行为分析。这些发现表明，偏侧化脑功能的出现不能完全用遗传变异和结构脑不对称性等静态因素来解释。此外，左右半球之间的学习依赖性不对称相互作用塑造了偏侧化脑功能。
