School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 1;923:171525. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171525. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
Extreme heat is a current and growing global health concern. Current heat exposure models include meteorological and human factors that dictate heat stress, comfort, and risk of illness. However, radiation models simplify the human body to a cylinder, while convection ones provide conflicting predictions. To address these issues, we introduce a new method to characterize human exposure to extreme heat with unprecedented detail. We measure heat loads on 35 body surface zones using an outdoor thermal manikin ("ANDI") alongside an ultrasonic anemometer array and integral radiation measurements (IRM). We show that regardless of body orientation, IRM and ANDI agree even under high solar conditions. Further, body parts can be treated as cylinders, even in highly turbulent flow. This geometry-rooted insight yields a whole-body convection correlation that resolves prior conflicts and is valid for diverse indoor and outdoor wind flows. Results will inform decision-making around heat protection, adaptation, and mitigation.
极端高温是当前日益严重的全球健康问题。目前的热暴露模型包括气象和人为因素，这些因素决定了热应激、舒适度和患病风险。然而，辐射模型将人体简化为一个圆柱体，而对流模型则提供了相互矛盾的预测。为了解决这些问题，我们引入了一种新的方法，可以以前所未有的细节来描述人体对极端高温的暴露。我们使用户外热模拟人（"ANDI"）和超声风速仪阵列以及积分辐射测量（IRM）来测量 35 个身体表面区域的热负荷。我们表明，无论身体朝向如何，即使在高太阳条件下，IRM 和 ANDI 也能达成一致。此外，即使在强紊流的情况下，身体部位也可以被视为圆柱体。这种基于几何形状的深入理解产生了一个整体的对流相关性，解决了先前的冲突，并且适用于不同的室内和室外风流。研究结果将为热保护、适应和缓解措施的决策提供信息。
