Tsumura Kenta
Utsunomiya Campus Liberal Arts Center, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan.
Psychol Rep. 2024 Mar 8:332941241239009. doi: 10.1177/00332941241239009.
Social connections are fundamental to human well-being, yet ostracism can lead to mental and physical maladjustment. Ostracized individuals often attempt to reconnect, but their efforts can be hindered by feelings of helplessness and depression. This study examines factors that facilitate helping behavior toward ostracized individuals by third parties who witness the ostracism, that is, the mediating effects of guilt and shame on the effects of witnessing ostracism on subsequent helping behavior. Participants ( = 161) read scenarios depicting ostracism or inclusion situations and reported their likelihood to engage in helping behaviors and their feelings of guilt and shame after witnessing the events. Results indicated that guilt mediated a positive relationship between witnessing ostracism and subsequent helping behavior, whereas shame mediated a negative relationship. These findings are consistent with existing research on the prosocial motivation of guilt and the avoidance tendencies of shame. The results highlight the complex interplay of emotions in shaping bystander responses to ostracism and shed light on potential interventions to promote inclusive behaviors. By influencing the emotions of bystanders, prosocial actions based on guilt can be encouraged and avoidance based on shame can be discouraged, ultimately promoting a more inclusive society.
社会关系对人类幸福至关重要，但被排斥会导致身心失调。被排斥的个体常常试图重新建立联系，但其努力可能会因无助感和抑郁情绪而受阻。本研究探讨了目睹排斥行为的第三方对被排斥个体提供帮助行为的促进因素，即内疚和羞耻感在目睹排斥行为对后续帮助行为影响中的中介作用。参与者（(n = 161)）阅读描述排斥或接纳情境的场景，并报告他们在目睹这些事件后参与帮助行为的可能性以及他们的内疚感和羞耻感。结果表明，内疚感在目睹排斥行为与后续帮助行为之间起到了积极的中介作用，而羞耻感则起到了消极的中介作用。这些发现与现有的关于内疚亲社会动机和羞耻回避倾向的研究一致。研究结果凸显了情绪在塑造旁观者对排斥行为反应中的复杂相互作用，并为促进包容行为的潜在干预措施提供了启示。通过影响旁观者的情绪，可以鼓励基于内疚的亲社会行为，抑制基于羞耻的回避行为，最终促进一个更具包容性的社会。
