Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2024 Apr 1;1236:124074. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124074. Epub 2024 Mar 2.
This work reports the characterization of the lipidic fraction of seven species of marine organisms gathered along the shoreline of the Po Delta Park of Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) and of the north Adriatic Sea. Two species of oysters (Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis), two species of clams (Chamelea gallina and Ruditapes philippinarum), one species of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), one species of macroalgae (Ulva rigida), and one species of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) were analyzed to characterize their fatty acids profile and related nutritional value. The lipid fraction was simultaneously extracted and transesterified into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by using a recently developed one-step microwave-assisted extraction/derivatization (MAED) method. The obtained FAMEs extract was analyzed by a rapid comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) method (30 min). The system was equipped with a reverse set of columns (polar × non-polar) connected through a reversed fill/flush flow modulator. The GC × GC system was coupled with a flame-ionization detector (FID) for both qualitative and quantitative purposes. The MAED- GC × GC-FID methodology was suitable in the context of samples containing high percentages of omega-3 PUFA. A total of 82 FAMEs were tentatively identified using standards, literature data, and the two-dimensional plot location. FAME profiles obtained with the proposed approach were comparable with reference methods (AOCS Ce 2b-11), showing no significant differences. Moreover, to determine the food nutritional value of the samples investigated, the most common nutritional indices (index of atherogenicity, index thrombogenicity, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio, health-promoting index, unsaturation index, and the fish lipid quality index) were calculated from FAME profiles. Among the samples investigated, Squalus acanthias presented the best nutritional score, while Ruditapes philippinarum had the worst score in 3 out of 6 indices.
本工作报道了对意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅地区波河三角洲公园（Po Delta Park）沿海采集的七种海洋生物以及北亚得里亚海的脂质部分的特征描述。对两种牡蛎（巨蛎和欧洲真牡蛎）、两种贻贝（鸡心蛤和菲律宾蛤仔）、一种贻贝（厚壳贻贝）、一种大型藻类（岩藻）和一种棘鲨（棘鲛）进行了分析，以确定它们的脂肪酸组成和相关营养价值。采用一种新开发的一步微波辅助提取/衍生化（MAED）方法，同时提取和将脂质部分转化为脂肪酸甲酯（FAME）。使用快速综合多维气相色谱（GC×GC）法（30 分钟）分析获得的 FAME 提取物。该系统配备了一套反向柱（极性×非极性），通过反向填充/冲洗流调制器连接。GC×GC 系统与火焰离子化检测器（FID）耦合，用于定性和定量目的。MAED-GC×GC-FID 方法适用于含有高比例 ω-3 PUFA 的样品。使用标准品、文献数据和二维图谱位置，共鉴定出 82 种 FAME。使用所提出的方法获得的 FAME 图谱与参考方法（AOCS Ce 2b-11）相当，没有显著差异。此外，为了确定所研究样品的食物营养价值，从 FAME 图谱计算了最常见的营养指数（动脉粥样硬化指数、血栓形成指数、降胆固醇/升胆固醇比值、促进健康指数、不饱和指数和鱼类脂质质量指数）。在所研究的样品中，棘鲛的营养评分最好，而菲律宾蛤仔在 6 个指数中有 3 个指数的评分最差。
