Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia.
Unit for Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 10;924:171567. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171567. Epub 2024 Mar 7.
In nature, plants are simultaneously exposed to different abiotic (e.g., heat, drought, and salinity) and biotic (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and insects) stresses. Climate change and anthropogenic pressure are expected to intensify the frequency of stress factors. Although plants are well equipped with unique and common defense systems protecting against stressors, they may compromise their growth and development for survival in such challenging environments. Ionizing radiation is a peculiar stress factor capable of causing clustered damage. Radionuclides are both naturally present on the planet and produced by human activities. Natural and artificial radioactivity affects plants on molecular, biochemical, cellular, physiological, populational, and transgenerational levels. Moreover, the fitness of pests, pathogens, and symbionts is concomitantly challenged in radiologically contaminated areas. Plant responses to artificial acute ionizing radiation exposure and laboratory-simulated or field chronic exposure are often discordant. Acute or chronic ionizing radiation exposure may occasionally prime the defense system of plants to better tolerate the biotic stress or could often exhaust their metabolic reserves, making plants more susceptible to pests and pathogens. Currently, these alternatives are only marginally explored. Our review summarizes the available literature on the responses of host plants, biotic factors, and their interaction to ionizing radiation exposure. Such systematic analysis contributes to improved risk assessment in radiologically contaminated areas.
在自然界中，植物同时面临着不同的非生物（如热、干旱和盐度）和生物（如细菌、真菌和昆虫）胁迫。预计气候变化和人为压力将加剧胁迫因素的频率。尽管植物具有独特和常见的防御系统来抵御胁迫，但它们可能会为了在这种具有挑战性的环境中生存而牺牲生长和发育。电离辐射是一种特殊的胁迫因素，能够造成聚集性损伤。放射性核素既有天然存在于地球上的，也有人为产生的。自然和人为放射性会在分子、生化、细胞、生理、种群和跨代水平上影响植物。此外，在放射性污染地区，害虫、病原体和共生体的适应性也同时受到挑战。植物对人工急性电离辐射暴露和实验室模拟或野外慢性暴露的反应往往不一致。急性或慢性电离辐射暴露偶尔会使植物的防御系统得到强化，从而更好地耐受生物胁迫，或者经常耗尽其代谢储备，使植物更容易受到害虫和病原体的侵害。目前，这些替代方案仅得到了初步探索。我们的综述总结了有关宿主植物、生物因素及其与电离辐射暴露相互作用的反应的现有文献。这种系统分析有助于改善放射性污染地区的风险评估。
