Faculty of Biology & Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2024 May 1;27(3):266-274. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001027. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
The essential micronutrients are corner stones in the functional and physical development. Early deficiency has life-long consequences. While awareness about iron deficiency is relatively high, it remains lower for other micronutrients. This review aims at reporting on recent data and attracting attention to the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in school-age and adolescent individuals.
Iron deficiency anaemia remains highly prevalent worldwide and the most frequent deficiency but can be corrected with simple tools ranging from food fortification, nutritional intervention, and to supplements. The link between micronutrient (MN) deficiency and neurobehavioral disorders is increasingly established and is worrying even in Western countries. Paediatric individuals are prone to imbalanced diets and picky eating behaviour, and their diets may then become incomplete: the highest risk for deficiency is observed for iron, zinc and vitamin D.
There is not much new information, but rather confirmation of the importance of health policies. Well conducted randomized controlled trials confirm that deficiencies can be corrected efficiently including with food fortification, and result in clinical benefits. Individual complementation should be considered in children and adolescents with proven deficiency.
基本微量营养素是功能和身体发育的基石。早期缺乏会产生终身影响。尽管人们对缺铁的认识相对较高，但对其他微量营养素的认识仍然较低。这篇综述旨在报告最新数据，并引起人们对学龄期和青少年个体中普遍存在的微量营养素缺乏的关注。
缺铁性贫血在全球仍然高度流行，是最常见的缺乏症，但可以通过从食物强化、营养干预到补充剂等简单工具来纠正。微量营养素（MN）缺乏与神经行为障碍之间的联系越来越得到证实，即使在西方国家也令人担忧。儿科个体容易出现饮食不均衡和挑食行为，他们的饮食可能因此变得不完整：缺铁、缺锌和维生素 D 的风险最高。
虽然没有太多新信息，但确实证实了卫生政策的重要性。精心设计的随机对照试验证实，包括食物强化在内的补充可以有效地纠正缺乏，并带来临床益处。在有明确缺乏证据的儿童和青少年中，应考虑个体补充。
