Winds Kornelius, Marka Theresa, Salcher Bernhard, Rieser Nicole, Skrivanek Christine, Hochrainer Michelle, Trost-Schrems Julia, Rainer Lucas J, Hitzl Wolfgang, Augner Christoph, Plattner Belinda
University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 23;15:1310252. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310252. eCollection 2024.
Today, online communication is shaped by a billion-dollar social media (SM) and social networking site (SNS) industry. Visual content consumed by children and adolescents has been shown to influence behavioral patterns, state emotions, and self-esteem (SE). In this study, we introduced a novel intervention creating visual content through a professional photoshoot and investigated its impact on state emotions and SE in child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) patients.
Standardized and validated self-rating questionnaires were used to assess SE, state emotions, coping mechanisms, psychopathological symptoms, and internet use behavior at baseline. SE and state emotions were monitored at different time points around a professional photoshoot within 45 CAP patients (30 female patients; mean age, 15.1 years) using a longitudinal design.
Within-subject repeated-measures ANOVA and bootstrapped paired-sample -tests showed a significant fluctuation in state emotions and SE throughout the intervention. Spearman correlations and univariate logistic regressions revealed that internalizing symptomatology and maladaptive coping significantly worsened the outcome of the intervention on state emotions and SE in girls. Internet-related variables heightened the positive effect of the intervention in boys and lowered SE in girls during the intervention.
The photo intervention had various gender-specific effects. Boys did benefit from the intervention in terms of longitudinal outcome on positive state emotions (PE) and SE, even positively influenced by SNS and SM. Thus, it might be concluded that online social comparison was processed more beneficial in boys. In contrast, when working with visual content in girls, psychopathology and coping must be considered. Internet consumption in general, especially SM and SNS, was related to low SE in girls. Nevertheless, when therapeutically accompanied, the "glow up moment" during the shoot (high on PE and SE; low on negative state emotions) could be used as an index moment for therapeutic reflection.
如今，在线交流由一个价值数十亿美元的社交媒体（SM）和社交网站（SNS）行业塑造。儿童和青少年所消费的视觉内容已被证明会影响行为模式、情绪状态和自尊（SE）。在本研究中，我们引入了一种通过专业摄影拍摄来创建视觉内容的新型干预措施，并调查了其对儿童和青少年精神病（CAP）患者情绪状态和自尊的影响。
使用标准化且经过验证的自评问卷在基线时评估自尊、情绪状态、应对机制、精神病理症状和互联网使用行为。采用纵向设计，对45名CAP患者（30名女性患者；平均年龄15.1岁）在专业摄影拍摄前后的不同时间点监测自尊和情绪状态。
受试者内重复测量方差分析和自抽样配对样本检验显示，在整个干预过程中，情绪状态和自尊有显著波动。斯皮尔曼相关性分析和单变量逻辑回归显示，内化症状和适应不良应对显著恶化了干预对女孩情绪状态和自尊的效果。与互联网相关的变量在干预期间增强了干预对男孩的积极影响，并降低了女孩的自尊。
照片干预有多种性别特异性影响。男孩确实从干预中在积极情绪状态（PE）和自尊的纵向结果方面受益，甚至受到社交网络服务（SNS）和社交媒体（SM）的积极影响。因此，可以得出结论，在线社会比较在男孩中处理得更有益。相比之下，在处理女孩的视觉内容时，必须考虑精神病理学和应对方式。一般来说，互联网消费，尤其是社交媒体和社交网络服务，与女孩的低自尊有关。然而，在有治疗陪伴的情况下，拍摄过程中的“蜕变时刻”（积极情绪和自尊高；消极情绪状态低）可作为治疗反思的指标时刻。
