Charan Gopal Singh, Kalia Raman, Khurana Mandeep Singh
Department of Pediatric Nursing, SGRD College of Nursing, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Saraswati Nursing Institute, Kurali, Punjab, India.
J Educ Health Promot. 2024 Jan 22;12:445. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_512_23. eCollection 2023.
The prevalence of anemia is a significant public health challenge. Approximately half of all pregnant women in India experience anemia during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and perinatal outcomes among anemic and nonanemic pregnant mothers.
The quantitative research approach was adopted using a descriptive comparative design. The study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatric departments of a tertiary care hospital. Hemoglobin (Hb) was recorded using antenatal records of pregnant mothers in their III trimester. Based on their Hb level, subjects were divided into two groups, anemic and nonanemic as per World Health Organization criteria. The subjects were followed up until the first week after birth.
The prevalence of anemia was 48% [N = 410]; 70.6% had mild, 13.7% had moderate, and 15.7% had severe. The anemic group had a significantly higher incidence of low birthweight (30.9% vs 10.3%, = 0.001) and preterm births (24.2% vs 3.2%, = 0.001) compared to the nonanemic group. Additionally, there were significant differences in various quantitative perinatal parameters such as weight ( = 0.001), length ( = 0.001), head circumference ( = 0.001), chest circumference ( = 0.034), APGAR score at one minute ( = 0.022), and APGAR score at five minutes ( = 0.001) between the anemic and nonanemic.
The maternal anemia is associated with increased risk of unfavorable perinatal outcomes. Identifying and managing anemia among pregnant women is critical to minimize adverse outcomes. Adequate antenatal care can play a significant role in preventing avoidable complications associated with anemia during the third trimester.
贫血的流行是一项重大的公共卫生挑战。印度约有一半的孕妇在孕期会出现贫血。本研究旨在确定贫血和非贫血孕妇中贫血的患病率及围产期结局。
采用描述性比较设计的定量研究方法。该研究在一家三级护理医院的妇产科和儿科进行。使用孕晚期孕妇的产前记录来记录血红蛋白（Hb）水平。根据世界卫生组织的标准，基于Hb水平将受试者分为贫血组和非贫血组。对受试者进行随访直至出生后第一周。
贫血患病率为48%[N = 410]；70.6%为轻度贫血，13.7%为中度贫血，15.7%为重度贫血。与非贫血组相比，贫血组低出生体重（30.9%对10.3%，P = 0.001）和早产（24.2%对3.2%，P = 0.001）的发生率显著更高。此外，贫血组和非贫血组在各种定量围产期参数上存在显著差异，如体重（P = 0.001）、身长（P = 0.001）、头围（P = 0.001）、胸围（P = 0.034）、1分钟阿氏评分（P = 0.022）和5分钟阿氏评分（P = 0.001）。
孕产妇贫血与不良围产期结局风险增加有关。识别和管理孕妇贫血对于将不良结局降至最低至关重要。充分的产前护理在预防孕晚期与贫血相关的可避免并发症方面可发挥重要作用。
