Slaoui Bouchra, Saidi Hajar, Kamal Meryem, Kafty Khalid, Nourlil Jalal, Diawara Idrissa, Zerouali Khalid, Belabbes Houria, Elmdaghri Naima
Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc.
Unité de Pneumo-allergologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie 2, Hôpital Mère-Enfants Abderrahim Harouchi, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc.
Pan Afr Med J. 2023 Dec 29;46:124. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.124.42073. eCollection 2023.
Pertussis is a real public health problem due to high neonatal morbidity rates and resurgence despite high vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiological profile of pertussis in infants hospitalized from 2012 to 2019. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study over a 7-year and 8-month period from January 2012 to July 2019. It involved 500 infants admitted with clinical suspicion of pertussis. The average age of infants was 72 days, ranging from 28 days to 18 months; 75% of infants were less than 3 months old. The peak incidence was registered in 2012 and 2016, with a summer predominance (32%); 460 infants (92%) were not or incompletely vaccinated, 42.2% of whom were too young to be vaccinated. A probable contaminant in the entourage was found in 43,6% of cases. Whooping cough and cyanosis were the main reason for hospitalization (77.6%). Chest radiography objectified bronchial disease (25,4%) and alveolar foci (22.7%). Blood count performed in 410 infants showed hyperlymphocytosis in 67.5% of cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal sample collected from 206 infants was positive for Bordetella pertussis in 64% of cases; 118 PCR performed in mothers were positive in 47.7% of cases. All infants received Clarithromycin. Pertussis is a major cause of morbidity in infants in Casablanca. The prevention strategy is based on vaccination of family members of infants. However, vaccination of pregnant women appears to be more effective.
尽管疫苗接种覆盖率很高，但由于新生儿发病率高以及百日咳疫情再次出现，百日咳仍是一个实际的公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是分析2012年至2019年住院婴儿百日咳的流行病学特征。我们在2012年1月至2019年7月的7年8个月期间进行了一项回顾性描述性研究。研究涉及500名临床怀疑患有百日咳的入院婴儿。婴儿的平均年龄为72天，范围从28天至18个月；75%的婴儿小于3个月。发病高峰出现在2012年和2016年，以夏季为主（32%）；460名婴儿（92%）未接种或未完全接种疫苗，其中42.2%因年龄太小而无法接种。43.6%的病例在其周围环境中发现了可能的传染源。百日咳和发绀是住院的主要原因（77.6%）。胸部X线检查显示支气管疾病（25.4%）和肺泡病灶（22.7%）。对410名婴儿进行的血常规检查显示，67.5%的病例有淋巴细胞增多。对从206名婴儿采集的鼻咽样本进行的聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，64%的病例百日咳博德特氏菌呈阳性；对母亲进行的118次PCR检测，47.7%的病例呈阳性。所有婴儿均接受了克拉霉素治疗。百日咳是卡萨布兰卡婴儿发病的主要原因。预防策略基于对婴儿家庭成员的疫苗接种。然而，孕妇接种疫苗似乎更有效。
