Akdeniz University, Faculty of Nursing, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Antalya 07058, Turkey.
Aust J Prim Health. 2024 Mar;30. doi: 10.1071/PY23178.
This study aimed to determine how the frequency of impaired perception of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is correlated with health literacy in individuals with high CVD risk in two regions with different socioeconomic levels.
A descriptive study was conducted. The Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation, recommended by the European and Turkish Cardiology Societies, provides recommendations based on individuals' actual CVD risk levels. According to the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation, participants suffering from diseases were identified as high and very high risk. The perception of risk was determined by subjectively assessing the risk level of the individuals. The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire was used. The Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-squared test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used to analyse the data. We also conducted a logistic regression analysis to identify factors contributing to impaired perception of CVD risk.
A total of 384 individuals, aged between 40 and 70years (with a mean age of 58.35±8.33years), were included in the study. These individuals had a high risk of CVD and were registered to family health centres from two different socioeconomic levels. Out of the 384 participants, 201 individuals belonged to the lower socioeconomic level region and 183 individuals belonged to the higher socioeconomic level region. A total of 61.7% of the participants with high CVD risk had an impaired perception of CVD risk. The health literacy level of 59.9% of individuals was either inadequate or problematic. The health literacy score of participants with impaired risk perception (29.59±9.07) was lower than those with correct risk perception (35.83±10.94; P <0.001). Factors that affected the perception of CVD risk included age, education level, working status, occupation, a family history of CVD, the CVD risk assessment by health professionals and the recommendation of health professionals to individuals for CVD screening.
It is necessary for health care professionals to make risk assessments and perform interventions to improve health literacy to raise the awareness of individuals with high CVD risk on their actual risk.
本研究旨在确定在两个社会经济水平不同的地区，心血管疾病（CVD）风险感知受损的频率与健康素养之间的相关性，这些地区的 CVD 风险较高。
本研究采用描述性研究方法。欧洲和土耳其心脏病学会推荐的系统性冠状动脉风险评估（Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation）根据个体的实际 CVD 风险水平提供建议。根据系统性冠状动脉风险评估，患有疾病的参与者被确定为高风险和极高风险。通过主观评估个体的风险水平来确定风险感知。使用欧洲健康素养调查问卷。采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验、卡方检验和 Spearman 相关分析对数据进行分析。我们还进行了逻辑回归分析，以确定导致 CVD 风险感知受损的因素。
共有 384 名年龄在 40 至 70 岁之间（平均年龄 58.35±8.33 岁）的个体参与了这项研究。这些个体有较高的 CVD 风险，并且来自两个不同社会经济水平的家庭健康中心登记。在 384 名参与者中，201 名属于较低社会经济水平地区，183 名属于较高社会经济水平地区。有高 CVD 风险的参与者中，有 61.7%存在 CVD 风险感知受损。59.9%的个体健康素养水平不足或存在问题。风险感知受损的参与者的健康素养评分（29.59±9.07）低于正确风险感知的参与者（35.83±10.94；P<0.001）。影响 CVD 风险感知的因素包括年龄、教育水平、工作状态、职业、CVD 家族史、健康专业人员的 CVD 风险评估以及健康专业人员向个体推荐 CVD 筛查。
为了提高高 CVD 风险个体对其实际风险的认识，有必要让卫生保健专业人员进行风险评估并采取干预措施以提高健康素养。
