Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-Cho, Tsu City, Tsu, Japan.
Clin Exp Nephrol. 2024 Aug;28(8):751-763. doi: 10.1007/s10157-024-02479-6. Epub 2024 Mar 12.
High protein intake leads to a decline in renal function in the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). An effective diet for maintaining renal function in healthy individuals or patients in the early stages of CKD has not been established. This cohort study was conducted in Saku, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the impact of dietary habits on renal function.
In this cross-sectional cohort study, we used the Saku Control Obesity Program (UMIN000016892), including 4,446 participants who submitted a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and underwent routine physical examination. The amount of food intake was divided into quartiles. After adjusting for age and sex, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for the risk of developing CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m).
In total, 3,899 participants were analyzed. The overall prevalence of patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m was 11% (n = 434, male; 7.1%, female; 4.1%). The groups with a high intake of chicken (approximately 63.4 g/day, adjusted OR: 0.632, P = 0.003), natto (fermented bean; approximately 21.7 g/day, adjusted OR: 0.679, P = 0.01), and plant protein (approximately 0.8 g/ideal body weight/day, adjusted OR: 0.695, P = 0.042) showed a low risk of developing CKD compared to the group with the lowest intake.
Our cross-sectional study showed that the intake of chicken meat, natto, and plant protein was associated with high eGFR levels. This information can be of value for preventing CKD incidence in healthy Japanese individuals.
高蛋白饮食会导致慢性肾脏病（CKD）晚期肾功能下降。对于健康人群或 CKD 早期患者，尚未确定维持肾功能的有效饮食。本队列研究在日本长野县佐久市进行，旨在调查饮食习惯对肾功能的影响。
在这项横断面队列研究中，我们使用了佐久控制肥胖计划（UMIN000016892），其中包括 4446 名参与者，他们提交了简短的自我管理饮食史问卷并接受了常规体检。将食物摄入量分为四分位。在调整年龄和性别后，使用多变量逻辑回归分析计算发生 CKD（估算肾小球滤过率[eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m）的风险比（OR）。
共分析了 3899 名参与者。eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 的患者总体患病率为 11%（n = 434，男性；7.1%，女性；4.1%）。摄入大量鸡肉（约 63.4 g/天，调整后的 OR：0.632，P = 0.003）、纳豆（发酵豆；约 21.7 g/天，调整后的 OR：0.679，P = 0.01）和植物蛋白（约 0.8 g/理想体重/天，调整后的 OR：0.695，P = 0.042）的组发生 CKD 的风险较低。
我们的横断面研究表明，摄入鸡肉、纳豆和植物蛋白与较高的 eGFR 水平相关。这些信息对于预防日本健康人群 CKD 的发生可能具有重要价值。
