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社会生活导致社会压力保护:一个解释社会昆虫个体生活史模式的新概念。

Social life results in social stress protection: a novel concept to explain individual life-history patterns in social insects.

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

出版信息

Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2024 Aug;99(4):1444-1457. doi: 10.1111/brv.13074. Epub 2024 Mar 11.

Abstract

Resistance to and avoidance of stress slow aging and confer increased longevity in numerous organisms. Honey bees and other superorganismal social insects have two main advantages over solitary species to avoid or resist stress: individuals can directly help each other by resource or information transfer, and they can cooperatively control their environment. These benefits have been recognised in the context of pathogen and parasite stress as the concept of social immunity, which has been extensively studied. However, we argue that social immunity is only a special case of a general concept that we define here as social stress protection to include group-level defences against all biotic and abiotic stressors. We reason that social stress protection may have allowed the evolution of reduced individual-level defences and individual life-history optimization, including the exceptional aging plasticity of many social insects. We describe major categories of stress and how a colonial lifestyle may protect social insects, particularly against temporary peaks of extreme stress. We use the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) to illustrate how patterns of life expectancy may be explained by social stress protection and how modern beekeeping practices can disrupt social stress protection. We conclude that the broad concept of social stress protection requires rigorous empirical testing because it may have implications for our general understanding of social evolution and specifically for improving honey bee health.

摘要

对压力的抵抗和回避会减缓衰老速度,并在众多生物中增加其寿命。与独居物种相比,蜜蜂和其他超个体社会性昆虫有两个主要优势来避免或抵抗压力:个体可以通过资源或信息转移直接互相帮助,并且它们可以合作控制环境。这些好处已在病原体和寄生虫压力的背景下得到了认识,即社会免疫的概念,该概念已得到广泛研究。然而,我们认为,社会免疫只是一个一般概念的特殊情况,我们在这里将其定义为社会压力保护,以包括针对所有生物和非生物胁迫因素的群体防御。我们推断,社会压力保护可能允许个体防御的减少和个体生活史的优化进化,包括许多社会性昆虫的异常衰老可塑性。我们描述了压力的主要类别,以及群居生活方式如何保护社会性昆虫,特别是如何抵御暂时的极端压力峰值。我们以蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)为例,说明了预期寿命模式如何可以用社会压力保护来解释,以及现代养蜂实践如何会破坏社会压力保护。我们得出的结论是,社会压力保护的广泛概念需要严格的实证检验,因为它可能对我们对社会进化的一般理解产生影响,特别是对提高蜜蜂健康水平有影响。

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