Gómez-Marco Francesc, Hoddle Mark S
Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
Front Insect Sci. 2022 Jul 12;2:937129. doi: 10.3389/finsc.2022.937129. eCollection 2022.
(White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), native to China, was first detected in Pennsylvania, U.S. in 2014. This polyphagous pest can feed on over 70 plant species including agricultural crops, like grapes, that have high economic value. Yang and Choi (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is an egg parasitoid associated with egg masses in China that is being evaluated for possible introduction into the U.S. for classical biological control of . In support of this program, the suitability of frozen eggs for parasitization by was evaluated in a quarantine laboratory. Host egg masses held for four different cold storage periods (5°C for <1, 4, 8 and 11 months) were frozen at -40°C for 1 hour or 24 hours and exposed to female for parasitization for seven days. Following this experimental exposure period, rates of nymph emergence and parasitism were assessed for each of the eight different cold storage treatments. Host acceptance and suitability of frozen eggs by was assessed in terms of percentage parasitism, offspring sex ratio, and hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids. Results indicated that nymphs failed to emerge from eggs that were exposed to -40°C for 1 hour and 24 hours and could successfully parasitize eggs regardless of cold storage and freezing treatment. These results add a new tool for long term maintenance of egg masses and rearing methods for egg parasitoids of this pest. Additionally, it may be possible to field deploy sentinel eggs of frozen at -40°C to survey for resident natural enemy species capable of parasitizing eggs of this pest in advance of anticipated invasions into new areas.
（白蜡虫）（半翅目：蜡蝉科）原产于中国，2014年首次在美国宾夕法尼亚州被发现。这种多食性害虫可取食70多种植物，包括具有高经济价值的农作物，如葡萄。杨氏啮小蜂（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）是中国一种与虫卵块相关的卵寄生蜂，目前正在评估是否有可能引入美国用于经典生物防治。为支持该项目，在检疫实验室评估了冷冻虫卵对杨氏啮小蜂寄生适宜性。将保存于四个不同冷藏期（5℃下保存<1、4、8和11个月）的寄主虫卵块在-40℃下冷冻1小时或24小时，然后暴露于杨氏啮小蜂雌虫下进行7天的寄生。在这个实验暴露期之后，对八种不同冷藏处理的每一种评估杨氏啮小蜂若虫羽化率和寄生率。根据寄生率、后代性别比和羽化寄生蜂的后胫节长度评估杨氏啮小蜂对冷冻虫卵的寄主接受度和适宜性。结果表明，暴露于-40℃下1小时和24小时的虫卵未羽化出杨氏啮小蜂若虫，且无论冷藏和冷冻处理如何，杨氏啮小蜂都能成功寄生虫卵。这些结果为长期保存虫卵块和该害虫卵寄生蜂的饲养方法增添了一种新工具。此外，有可能在预期该害虫入侵新区域之前，野外部署在-40℃下冷冻的白蜡虫卵作为哨兵卵，以调查能够寄生该害虫卵的本地天敌物种。
