Voccia D, Lamastra L, Fragkoulis G, Facchi A, Gharsallah O, Ferrari F, Tediosi A, Trevisan M
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una filiera agro-alimentare Sostenibile, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
Aeiforia srl, Gariga di Podenzano, Italy.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 27;10(5):e26908. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26908. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
Herbicides play a pivotal role in paddy rice cultivation by effectively controlling weeds, thus ensuring optimal resource utilisation and higher crop yields, making them indispensable for efficient rice production systems. However, herbicide applications could be related to potential environmental impacts such as water contamination and harm to non-target species, requiring special attention in their management to ensure the long-term sustainability of rice farming practices. The development and utilisation of robust risk assessment indicators for pesticides are essential tools in evaluating and mitigating potential environmental and human health hazards associated with pesticide use in agricultural practices. The Environmental Potential Risk Indicator for Pesticides (EPRIP) is not suitable for rice paddy cultivation due to its limitations in accurately assessing pesticide risk in this specific agricultural context. This is primarily attributed to the unique hydrological characteristics and ecosystem dynamics of paddy fields, which significantly differ from other agricultural systems. To address this issue and to enhance the accuracy of pesticide risk assessment in rice paddy fields, EPRIP has been improved and validated in two agricultural seasons. A synergistic approach involving field experiments and enhanced EPRIP model simulations was employed to assess the risk associated with the application of two herbicides in Italian paddy rice systems. The observed and model-predicted surface water (SW) concentrations exhibited a close alignment, though an overestimation was observed for groundwater (GW). In general, the estimated Risk Points (1 for SW and 4 for GW) were largely in accord with those derived from the field experiments (1 for SW and 3 for GW), suggesting that the refined EPRIP model holds promise for conducting reliable risk assessments following herbicide applications in such contexts.
除草剂在水稻种植中发挥着关键作用，它能有效控制杂草，从而确保资源的优化利用和更高的作物产量，使其成为高效水稻生产系统不可或缺的一部分。然而，除草剂的使用可能会带来潜在的环境影响，如水污染和对非目标物种的危害，因此在其管理方面需要特别关注，以确保水稻种植实践的长期可持续性。开发和利用强大的农药风险评估指标是评估和减轻农业实践中农药使用所带来的潜在环境和人类健康危害的重要工具。农药环境潜在风险指标（EPRIP）由于在准确评估这种特定农业环境下的农药风险方面存在局限性，不适用于稻田种植。这主要归因于稻田独特的水文特征和生态系统动态，与其他农业系统有显著差异。为了解决这个问题并提高稻田农药风险评估的准确性，EPRIP在两个农业季节进行了改进和验证。采用了一种包括田间试验和增强的EPRIP模型模拟的协同方法，来评估意大利水稻系统中两种除草剂应用所带来的风险。观测到的地表水（SW）浓度和模型预测的地表水浓度显示出密切的一致性，不过对地下水（GW）的浓度存在高估。总体而言，估计的风险点（地表水为1，地下水为4）与田间试验得出的风险点（地表水为1，地下水为3）在很大程度上一致，这表明改进后的EPRIP模型有望在此类情况下对除草剂应用进行可靠的风险评估。
