Gimbrone Catherine, Packard Samuel E, Finsaas Megan C, Sprague Nadav L, Jacobowitz Ahuva, Leventhal Adam M, Rundle Andrew G, Keyes Katherine M
Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York.
JAACAP Open. 2024 Mar;2(1):55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.10.001. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
After remaining stable for many years, the prevalence of depression among adolescents increased over the past decade, particularly among girls. In this study, we used longitudinal data from a cohort of high school students to characterize sex-specific trajectories of depressive symptoms during this period of increasing prevalence and widening gender gap in adolescent depression.
Using data from the Health and Happiness Cohort, a longitudinal 8-wave study of high school students residing in Los Angeles County from 2013 to 2017 (N = 3,393), we conducted a multiple-group, latent class growth analysis by sex to differentiate developmental trajectories in depressive symptoms scores measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression (CES-D) scale (range, 0-60).
A 4-class solution provided the best model fit for both girls and boys. Trajectories among girls included low stable (35.1%), mild stable (42.8%), moderate decreasing (16.2%), and high arching (5.9%). Trajectories among boys included low stable (49.2%), mild increasing (34.7%), moderate decreasing (12.2%), and high increasing (3.9%). Average scores consistently exceeded or crossed the threshold for probable depression (≥16). Across comparable sex-specific trajectory groups, the average CES-D scores of girls were higher than those of boys, whose average scores increased over time.
In a diverse cohort of students in Los Angeles County, depressive symptom trajectories were comparable to prior time periods but with a higher proportion of students in trajectories characterized by probable depression. Trajectories differed by sex, suggesting that future research should consider differential severity and onset of depression between boys and girls.
在保持多年稳定之后，青少年抑郁症的患病率在过去十年中有所上升，尤其是在女孩中。在本研究中，我们使用了一组高中生的纵向数据，以描述在青少年抑郁症患病率上升和性别差距扩大期间抑郁症状的性别特异性轨迹。
利用健康与幸福队列的数据，这是一项对2013年至2017年居住在洛杉矶县的高中生进行的纵向8波研究（N = 3393），我们按性别进行了多组潜在类别增长分析，以区分由流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）（范围0 - 60）测量的抑郁症状得分的发展轨迹。
一个4类解决方案为女孩和男孩提供了最佳的模型拟合。女孩的轨迹包括低稳定型（35.1%）、轻度稳定型（42.8%）、中度下降型（16.2%）和高拱形型（5.9%）。男孩的轨迹包括低稳定型（49.2%）、轻度上升型（34.7%）、中度下降型（12.2%）和高上升型（3.9%）。平均得分一直超过或跨越可能患抑郁症的阈值（≥16）。在可比的性别特异性轨迹组中，女孩的平均CES-D得分高于男孩，男孩的平均得分随时间增加。
在洛杉矶县一个多样化的学生队列中，抑郁症状轨迹与先前时期相当，但处于可能患抑郁症特征轨迹的学生比例更高。轨迹因性别而异，这表明未来的研究应考虑男孩和女孩之间抑郁症严重程度和发病情况的差异。
