Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2024 Apr;135:105045. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105045. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
In neonatal foals, umbilical remnants can be affected by infectious and non-infectious diseases. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate historical, management and clinical factors that may be related to the occurrence of umbilical remnant diseases. Clinical reports of foals born or hospitalized within 24 h of life during the 2017-2021 foaling seasons were reviewed. Forty/183 foals (21.9 %) developed umbilical remnant diseases (URD group), while 143/183 foals (78.1 %) had normal umbilical remnants (NUR group). In the URD group, 24/40 (60 %) had a patent urachus, 16/40 (40 %) omphalo-arteritis, 4/40 (10 %) omphalo-phlebitis, 10/40 (25 %) urachitis, 9/40 (22.5 %) abscess, 3/40 (7.5 %) periumbilical hematoma and 12/40 (30 %) more than one condition. URD frequency was higher in foals hospitalized after birth than in those born at the hospital (17/46 vs 23/137; P = 0.0068), lower in those that had access to the paddock before three days of life (p = 0.0426) and higher in recumbent foals (P = 0.0001). URD occurred more frequently after dystocia (P = 0.0068), prolonged stage II parturition (19±20.51 min vs 13±6.41 in NUR group; P = 0.0279), traction at parturition (P = 0.0005), and in foals with lower APGAR scores (8±1.72 vs 9±0.86 in NUR; P = 0.0063). Sepsis (P = 0.0245), neonatal encephalopathy (P = 0.0014), meconium retention (P = 0.0241) and congenital flexural limb deformities (P = 0.0049) were the most common associated diseases. Umbilical cord (UC) coiling, abnormal UC rupture, umbilical hemorrhage and increased umbilical stump volume occurred more frequently in URD than in NUR group (P = 0.0329, P = 0.0191, P = 0.0007 and P < 0.00001, respectively). Recognition of the identified predisposing historical, management and clinical factors should prompt careful umbilical remnant monitoring in neonatal foals.
在新生驹中，脐带残端可能受到感染和非感染性疾病的影响。本研究旨在回顾性评估可能与脐带残端疾病发生相关的历史、管理和临床因素。对 2017-2021 年产驹季节出生或出生后 24 小时内住院的驹的临床报告进行了回顾。40/183 驹（21.9%）出现脐带残端疾病（URD 组），而 143/183 驹（78.1%）脐带残端正常（NUR 组）。URD 组中，24/40（60%）存在脐尿管未闭，16/40（40%）脐动脉炎，4/40（10%）脐静脉炎，10/40（25%）脐尿管炎，9/40（22.5%）脓肿，3/40（7.5%）脐周血肿，12/40（30%）存在多种情况。出生后住院的驹 URD 发生率高于在医院出生的驹（17/46 比 23/137；P = 0.0068），在生命前三天进入围场的驹发生率较低（p = 0.0426），卧地驹发生率较高（P = 0.0001）。URD 在难产（P = 0.0068）、第二产程延长（19±20.51 分钟比 NUR 组 13±6.41 分钟；P = 0.0279）、分娩时牵引（P = 0.0005）和 APGAR 评分较低的驹中更常发生（8±1.72 比 NUR 组 9±0.86；P = 0.0063）。败血症（P = 0.0245）、新生儿脑病（P = 0.0014）、胎粪潴留（P = 0.0241）和先天性弯曲肢体畸形（P = 0.0049）是最常见的相关疾病。URD 组脐带（UC）缠绕、异常 UC 破裂、脐出血和脐带残端体积增加的发生率高于 NUR 组（P = 0.0329、P = 0.0191、P = 0.0007 和 P < 0.00001）。认识到这些潜在的历史、管理和临床因素，应促使对新生驹的脐带残端进行仔细监测。
