Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, 57000, Sinop, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Mar 13;196(4):362. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12351-5.
The effects of addition of adsorbent mixture at two different stages in aquaculture system were investigated for the first time in this study. In the first stage, in order to determine the effects of natural adsorbents in an environment without feed, a trial consisting of four treatment groups with three replications was conducted. In this trial, individual and combined effects of two natural adsorbents on water parameters in absence of feed were assessed for five days. In the second stage for 9 experimental days, a total of 18 aquaria consisting of three treatment groups with three replications for two different fish feeds were used. Of these aquaria, the first six received only two types of feeds containing 33 and 40% protein, designated as two control groups (C1 and C2). Other two groups (T1 and T2) were prepared by adding a leonardite: zeolite mixture (at 2:1 ratio) to next six replicates simultaneously. The last six replicates received a leonardite: zeolite mixture (at 2:1 ratio) after the 8th day of the study, and formed the last two treatment groups (T3 and T4). In this study, mean pH values varied between 7.01 and 7.82 and ammonia values were found to be maximum of 94.96% and minimum of 38.73% lower compared to the control group when 3 g adsorbent mixture (2L: 1Z) was used to balance pH and ammonium (NH) values in an aquatic environment containing 0.5 l freshwater and 0.5 g fish feed with 33-40% protein contents. It was demonstrated that the combined use of zeolite and leonardite had positive effects on ammonium removal and providing optimum pH levels for aquaculture. The combined use of these two adsorbents helped balance the pH-reducing effect of leonardite with zeolite, and the pH-reducing effect of leonardite contributed to the NH adsorption efficiency of zeolite.
本研究首次在水产养殖系统的两个不同阶段添加吸附剂混合物，以研究其效果。在第一阶段，为了在没有饲料的环境中确定天然吸附剂的作用，进行了一个由四个处理组组成的试验，每个处理组重复三次。在该试验中，评估了两种天然吸附剂在五天内对无饲料条件下水参数的单独和组合影响。在第二阶段的 9 个实验日中，使用了总共 18 个水族箱，每个水族箱由三个处理组组成，每个处理组重复三次，用于两种不同的鱼类饲料。在这些水族箱中，前六个仅接收两种含有 33%和 40%蛋白质的饲料，指定为两个对照组（C1 和 C2）。另外两个组（T1 和 T2）通过同时向另外六个重复添加比例为 2:1 的风化煤：沸石混合物来制备。在研究的第 8 天后，最后六个重复接收风化煤：沸石混合物（比例为 2:1），并形成最后两个处理组（T3 和 T4）。在本研究中，平均 pH 值在 7.01 和 7.82 之间变化，与对照组相比，当使用 3g 吸附剂混合物（2L：1Z）来平衡含有 0.5L 淡水和 0.5g 蛋白质含量为 33-40%的鱼饲料的水产养殖环境中的 pH 值和铵（NH）值时，发现氨值最高降低 94.96%，最低降低 38.73%。证明沸石和风化煤的联合使用对铵的去除和为水产养殖提供最佳 pH 值水平有积极影响。这两种吸附剂的联合使用有助于平衡风化煤的降低 pH 值效应与沸石的作用，并且风化煤的降低 pH 值效应有助于沸石对 NH 的吸附效率。
