Gonzales-Barron Ursula, Cadavez Vasco, De Oliveira Mota Juliana, Guillier Laurent, Sanaa Moez
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Foods. 2024 Feb 26;13(5):716. doi: 10.3390/foods13050716.
Invasive listeriosis, due to its severe nature in susceptible populations, has been the focus of many quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models aiming to provide a valuable guide in future risk management efforts. A review of the published QRA models of in seafood was performed, with the objective of appraising the effectiveness of the control strategies at different points along the food chain. It is worth noting, however, that the outcomes of a QRA model are context-specific, and influenced by the country and target population, the assumptions that are employed, and the model architecture itself. Studies containing QRA models were retrieved through a literature search using properly connected keywords on Scopus and PubMed. All 13 QRA models that were recovered were of short scope, covering, at most, the period from the end of processing to consumption; the majority (85%) focused on smoked or gravad fish. Since the modelled pathways commenced with the packaged product, none of the QRA models addressed cross-contamination events. Many models agreed that keeping the product's temperature at 4.0-4.5 °C leads to greater reductions in the final risk of listeriosis than reducing the shelf life by one week and that the effectiveness of both measures can be surpassed by reducing the initial occurrence of in the product (at the end of processing). It is, therefore, necessary that future QRA models for RTE seafood contain a processing module that can provide insight into intervention strategies that can retard ' growth, such as the use of bacteriocins, ad hoc starter cultures and/or organic acids, and other strategies seeking to reduce cross-contamination at the facilities, such as stringent controls for sanitation procedures. Since risk estimates were shown to be moderately driven by growth kinetic parameters, namely, the exponential growth rate, the minimum temperature for growth, and the maximum population density, further work is needed to reduce uncertainties.
侵袭性李斯特菌病因其在易感人群中的严重性，一直是许多定量风险评估（QRA）模型的重点，这些模型旨在为未来的风险管理工作提供有价值的指导。对已发表的海产品QRA模型进行了综述，目的是评估食物链不同环节控制策略的有效性。然而，值得注意的是，QRA模型的结果是针对具体情况的，受国家和目标人群、所采用的假设以及模型架构本身的影响。通过在Scopus和PubMed上使用适当关联的关键词进行文献检索，检索出包含QRA模型的研究。回收的所有13个QRA模型范围都较短，最多涵盖从加工结束到消费的时间段；大多数（85%）关注烟熏或腌制鱼类。由于建模途径从包装产品开始，没有一个QRA模型涉及交叉污染事件。许多模型一致认为，将产品温度保持在4.0 - 4.5°C比将保质期缩短一周能更大程度地降低李斯特菌病的最终风险，并且通过减少产品（加工结束时）中初始菌的存在，这两种措施的有效性都可以被超越。因此，未来即食海产品的QRA模型有必要包含一个加工模块，该模块可以深入了解能够抑制菌生长的干预策略，例如使用细菌素、特制发酵剂和/或有机酸，以及其他旨在减少设施内交叉污染的策略，例如对卫生程序进行严格控制。由于风险估计显示受生长动力学参数（即指数生长速率、最低生长温度和最大种群密度）的适度驱动，需要进一步开展工作以减少不确定性。
