Wang Jin, Lu Yuhang, Zhang Xuemei, Hu Wenjie, Lin Lijin, Deng Qunxian, Xia Hui, Liang Dong, Lv Xiulan
College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 29;25(5):2828. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052828.
To identify suitable potassium fertilizers for grape ( L.) production and study their mechanism of action, the effects of four potassium-containing fertilizers (complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate) on sugar and organic acid metabolism in grape fruits were investigated. Potassium-containing fertilizers increased the activity of sugar and organic acid metabolism-related enzymes at all stages of grape fruit development. During the later stages of fruit development, potassium-containing fertilizers increased the total soluble solid content and the sugar content of the different sugar fractions and decreased the titratable acid content and organic acid content of the different organic acid fractions. At the ripening stage of grape fruit, compared with the control, complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased the total soluble solid content by 1.5, 1.2, 3.5, and 3.4 percentage points, decreased the titratable acid content by 0.09, 0.06, 0.18, and 0.17 percentage points, respectively, and also increased the total potassium content in grape fruits to a certain degree. Transcriptome analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the berries showed that applying potassium-containing fertilizers enriched the genes in pathways involved in fruit quality, namely, carbon metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and fructose and mannose metabolism. Potassium-containing fertilizers affected the expression levels of genes regulating sugar metabolism and potassium ion uptake and transport. Overall, potassium-containing fertilizers can promote sugar accumulation and reduce acid accumulation in grape fruits, and potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the best effects among the fertilizers tested.
为了确定适合葡萄生产的钾肥并研究其作用机制，研究了四种含钾肥料（复合肥、硝酸钾、硫酸钾和磷酸二氢钾）对葡萄果实糖和有机酸代谢的影响。含钾肥料在葡萄果实发育的各个阶段均提高了糖和有机酸代谢相关酶的活性。在果实发育后期，含钾肥料提高了总可溶性固形物含量和不同糖组分的糖含量，并降低了不同有机酸组分的可滴定酸含量和有机酸含量。在葡萄果实成熟阶段，与对照相比，复合肥、硝酸钾、硫酸钾和磷酸二氢钾的总可溶性固形物含量分别提高了1.5、1.2、3.5和3.4个百分点，可滴定酸含量分别降低了0.09、0.06、0.18和0.17个百分点，同时也在一定程度上提高了葡萄果实中的总钾含量。对浆果中差异表达基因（DEG）的转录组分析表明，施用含钾肥料使参与果实品质的途径中的基因富集，即碳代谢、光合生物中的碳固定、糖酵解和糖异生以及果糖和甘露糖代谢。含钾肥料影响调节糖代谢以及钾离子吸收和转运的基因的表达水平。总体而言，含钾肥料可以促进葡萄果实中的糖积累并减少酸积累，在所测试的肥料中硫酸钾和磷酸二氢钾效果最佳。
