Kajánek Pavol, Kopáčik Alojz, Kyrinovič Peter, Erdélyi Ján, Marčiš Marián, Fraštia Marek
Department of Surveying, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81005 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Feb 29;24(5):1573. doi: 10.3390/s24051573.
For the calibration of linear scales, comparators are generally used. Comparators are devices that enable the movement of an evaluation apparatus over a calibrated scale along a linear base with high precision. The construction of a comparator includes a movable carriage that carries the device for the evaluation of the position of the given edge of the line scale relative to the beginning of the scale. In principle, it involves a camera capturing the scale of the measurer, where the position of the camera's projection center is measured using an interferometer. This article addresses the development of a comparator assembled from low-cost components, as well as the description of systematic influences related to the movement of individual parts of the system, such as the inclination and rotation of the camera and directional and height deviations during the carriage's movement. This article also includes an evaluation of the edge of the given scale with subpixel accuracy, addressing distortion elimination and excluding the influences of impurities or imperfections on the scale. The proposed solution was applied to linear-scale measurers, such as leveling rods with coded and conventional scales and measuring tapes. The entire process of measurement and evaluation was automated.
对于线性标尺的校准，通常使用比较仪。比较仪是一种能使评估装置沿着线性基座在已校准的标尺上高精度移动的设备。比较仪的构造包括一个可移动的滑架，该滑架承载着用于评估线性标尺给定边缘相对于标尺起点位置的装置。原则上，它涉及一个摄像头捕捉测量仪的标尺，其中摄像头投影中心的位置使用干涉仪进行测量。本文论述了一种由低成本部件组装而成的比较仪的研发，以及对与系统各部件运动相关的系统影响的描述，比如摄像头的倾斜和旋转以及滑架移动过程中的方向和高度偏差。本文还包括以亚像素精度评估给定标尺的边缘，解决失真消除问题并排除标尺上杂质或瑕疵的影响。所提出的解决方案应用于线性标尺测量仪，如带有编码和传统标尺的水准尺以及卷尺。整个测量和评估过程实现了自动化。
