Nimbal Anand, Ahirrao Bhagyashri, Vishwakarma Aruna, Vishwakarma Prashanth, Wani Alisha Bhushan, Patil Asmita Anant
Department of Dentistry, B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijaypura, Karnataka 586103, India.
Department of Pathology, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India.
Med Int (Lond). 2024 Feb 15;4(2):15. doi: 10.3892/mi.2024.139. eCollection 2024 Mar-Apr.
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) causes the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage and carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of biomarkers, such as glutathione (GSH) in the blood, as well as serum albumin and total protein levels in SLT users with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted on 240 patients aged 30-60 years, divided into four groups with 60 patients in each group as follows: Group 1, control group, non-tobacco users; group 2, 60 subjects with a history of SLT use and no oral lesions; group 3, SLT users with precancerous oral lesions; and group 4, SLT users with cancerous lesions. GSH levels in the blood, serum albumin levels and total protein levels were evaluated in all groups. ANOVA and Tukey's test post hoc were used to compare the levels of the biomarkers in all groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the reliability of the biomarkers, and regression analysis was used to determine the associations between the variables. The use of SLT was predominantly observed in males. The mean GSH and serum albumin levels were lowest in group 4 and highest in the control group (P<0.001). The total serum protein levels were higher in group 4 than in group 3. On the whole, as demonstrated herein, GSH and serum albumin were reliable biomarkers, whereas total protein was a weak biomarker. GSH and serum albumin levels may thus be efficiently used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of oral malignancies in SLT users.
无烟烟草（SLT）会导致活性氧过度产生，进而引发氧化损伤和致癌作用。本研究旨在评估生物标志物水平，如血液中的谷胱甘肽（GSH）以及患有口腔癌前病变和癌性病变的SLT使用者的血清白蛋白和总蛋白水平。对240名年龄在30至60岁之间的患者进行了一项横断面前瞻性研究，将其分为四组，每组60名患者，具体如下：第1组为对照组，非烟草使用者；第2组为60名有SLT使用史且无口腔病变的受试者；第3组为患有口腔癌前病变的SLT使用者；第4组为患有癌性病变的SLT使用者。评估了所有组的血液中GSH水平、血清白蛋白水平和总蛋白水平。采用方差分析和Tukey事后检验来比较所有组生物标志物的水平。使用受试者工作特征曲线评估生物标志物的可靠性，并采用回归分析确定变量之间的关联。SLT的使用主要见于男性。第4组的平均GSH和血清白蛋白水平最低，对照组最高（P<0.001）。第4组的血清总蛋白水平高于第3组。总体而言，如本文所示，GSH和血清白蛋白是可靠的生物标志物，而总蛋白是一个较弱的生物标志物。因此，GSH和血清白蛋白水平可有效地用于SLT使用者口腔恶性肿瘤的早期诊断和预后评估。
