Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
University of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2024 Jun;30(4):737-751. doi: 10.1177/10781552241239006. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
Natural and synthetic cannabinoids are being used worldwide to treat various symptoms in cancer patients. This study aims to map the therapeutic benefits and adverse effects associated with the use of cannabis-based drugs in these outcomes.
Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines a scoping review was conducted. The study protocol was available in the Open Science Framework public repository. An extensive search strategy involving databases like Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Google Scholar, and Open Gray for gray literature analysis was executed by a skilled librarian. The inclusion criteria were primary studies (observational and randomized) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in cancer patients. The review encompassed studies of diverse designs, publication years, and types, as long as they addressed cannabinoids' impact in oncology.
Twenty-nine (82.86%) out of total of 35 were randomized and 6 (14.14%) were non-randomized. About 57.1% of studies utilized registered products as interventions, with THC being the most natural cannabinoid cited in variable doses and administration routes. Moreover, 62.85% of studies specified the cancer types (breast, lung, sarcomas, hematological and reproductive system), while only one study detailed cancer staging. The evaluated outcomes encompassed nausea and vomiting (77.14%), appetite (11.43%), pain (8.57%), and tumor regression (2.86%) across different proportions of studies.
Cannabinoids show promise in managing pain, emesis, and anorexia/cachexia linked to cancer progression New randomized clinical trials with a larger number of participants and observational studies on long-term safety are crucial to affirm their medicinal utility for cancer patients unresponsive to conventional drugs.
天然和合成大麻素在全球范围内被用于治疗癌症患者的各种症状。本研究旨在绘制与癌症患者使用基于大麻的药物相关的治疗益处和不良反应。
根据 Joanna Briggs 研究所的指南进行了范围综述。研究方案可在开放科学框架公共存储库中获得。由一名熟练的图书馆员执行了广泛的搜索策略，涉及 Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、Medline/PubMed、Lilacs、Google Scholar 和 Open Gray 等数据库，以进行灰色文献分析。纳入标准是评估癌症患者大麻素疗效和安全性的原始研究（观察性和随机对照）。综述包括各种设计、出版年份和类型的研究，只要它们涉及大麻素在肿瘤学中的影响。
总共 35 篇中有 29 篇（82.86%）为随机对照，6 篇（14.14%）为非随机对照。约 57.1%的研究使用注册产品作为干预措施，其中 THC 是最常被引用的天然大麻素，剂量和给药途径各不相同。此外，62.85%的研究指定了癌症类型（乳腺癌、肺癌、肉瘤、血液系统和生殖系统），而只有一项研究详细说明了癌症分期。评估的结果包括不同比例的研究中出现的恶心和呕吐（77.14%）、食欲（11.43%）、疼痛（8.57%）和肿瘤消退（2.86%）。
大麻素在治疗与癌症进展相关的疼痛、呕吐和厌食/恶病质方面显示出潜力。新的随机临床试验，纳入更多的参与者，以及对长期安全性的观察性研究，对于确认它们对常规药物治疗无反应的癌症患者的药用价值至关重要。
