Aubert Adrien M, Douglass Alexander, Murrin Celine M, Kelleher Cecily C, Phillips Catherine M
School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Andrology. 2025 Jan;13(1):55-63. doi: 10.1111/andr.13619. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
Maternal healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy have been associated with reduced risk of offspring overweight and obesity (OWOB). However, there has been little investigation, in the context of the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD) paradigm, of the potential influence of the paternal lifestyle on offspring OWOB.
To describe paternal healthy lifestyle factors around pregnancy and investigate their associations, individually and combined, with offspring risk of OWOB during childhood.
Participants included 295 father-child pairs from the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study. A composite paternal healthy lifestyle score (HLS) based on having a high dietary quality (top 40% of the Healthy Eating Index-2015), meeting physical activity guidelines (≥450 MET-min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), having a healthy body mass index (BMI) (18.5-24.9 kg/m), being a non-smoker, and having no/moderate alcohol intake, was calculated (range 0-5). Paternal HLS (and individual components) associations with child BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) at age 5 and 9 years were assessed using linear (BMI z-scores and WHtR) and logistic (IOTF categories) regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.
At age 5 and 9 years, 23.5% and 16.9% of children were classified as living with OWOB, respectively. Of the 160 pairs with a complete HLS, 45.0% of the fathers had unfavorable lifestyle factors, determined by a low HLS between 0 and 2 points. Although a low paternal HLS was not significantly associated with a higher risk of childhood OWOB measured using either BMI z-scores and IOTF categories, it was associated with a greater child WHtR, an indicator of central adiposity, at 9 years of age (β [95% CI] = 0.04 [0.01,0.07]).
Almost half of the fathers had unfavorable lifestyle factors around pregnancy. A low paternal HLS was associated with a greater child WHtR at 9 years but not with a higher risk of childhood OWOB when measured by BMI z-scores or IOTF categories.
孕期母亲的健康生活方式与降低后代超重和肥胖（OWOB）风险有关。然而，在健康与疾病的父系起源（POHaD）范式背景下，关于父亲生活方式对后代OWOB的潜在影响的研究很少。
描述孕期前后父亲的健康生活方式因素，并单独及综合研究它们与儿童期后代OWOB风险的关联。
参与者包括来自生活方式跨代队列研究的295对父子。根据饮食质量高（健康饮食指数-2015排名前40%）、符合身体活动指南（中度至剧烈身体活动≥450代谢当量-分钟/周）、身体质量指数（BMI）健康（18.5-24.9千克/平方米）、不吸烟且酒精摄入量无/适度，计算出一个综合的父亲健康生活方式评分（HLS）（范围0-5）。使用线性回归（BMI z评分和腰高比[WHtR]）和逻辑回归（国际肥胖工作组[IOTF]类别）分析评估父亲HLS（及其各个组成部分）与5岁和9岁儿童BMI及腰高比的关联，并对社会人口学特征进行了调整。
在5岁和9岁时，分别有23.5%和16.9%的儿童被归类为患有OWOB。在160对有完整HLS的父子中，45.0%的父亲存在不良生活方式因素，即HLS在0至2分之间较低。虽然父亲HLS较低与使用BMI z评分和IOTF类别衡量的儿童期OWOB风险较高没有显著关联，但与9岁时儿童更大的腰高比（中心性肥胖的一个指标）有关（β[95%置信区间]=0.04[0.01,0.07]）。
近一半的父亲在孕期前后存在不良生活方式因素。父亲HLS较低与9岁时儿童更大的腰高比有关，但在使用BMI z评分或IOTF类别衡量时，与儿童期OWOB风险较高无关。
