HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
Clin Nutr. 2020 Jul;39(7):2169-2179. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.09.004. Epub 2019 Sep 19.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The family environment can influence offspring diet and weight status. Obesity is a pro-inflammatory state, which is associated with the dietary inflammatory index (DII®). Predictors of the DII in children (C-DII™) and its associations with childhood obesity are relatively unknown. We evaluated the intergenerational relationships between the energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores in adults, predictors of C-DII and associations with childhood weight status.
The study comprises 551 children and index-child's mothers, fathers and grandparents in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study. E-DII scores were generated at baseline for expectant mothers, fathers, and grandparents, and at 5-year follow-up for the mothers and children, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were determined at age 5 and 9 years. Associations were assessed by logistic regression and mediation analysis.
Higher C-DII scores indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet among children, were associated with greater risk of childhood obesity at age 5 (OR:1.09; 95%CI:1.00-1.37; P = 0.02) and overweight/obese status at 5 and 9 years (OR:1.06; 95%CI:1.01-1.09; P = 0.01 and OR:1.12; 95%CI:1.07-1.18; P = 0.01, respectively). Maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy (OR:1.98; 95%CI:1.19-3.03; P = 0.001 and OR:1.64; 95%CI:1.12-2.49; P = 0.006, respectively) increased likelihood of higher C-DII at age 5. Child BMI, TV watching and all meals given by the childcare provider were associated with a more pro-inflammatory diet (P < 0.05), whereas breastfeeding and family meals at home were associated with a more anti-inflammatory diet (P < 0.04). Higher maternal, but not paternal, E-DII scores during pregnancy (P < 0.001) and at 5-year follow-up (P = 0.008) were associated with more pro-inflammatory diet at age 5. Results from the mediation analysis suggest that maternal grandmothers E-DII scores may influence C-DII indirectly via the mothers E-DII scores.
A more pro-inflammatory dietary score was associated with childhood overweight and obesity. Parental, familial and personal factors independently influenced the C-DII score.
家庭环境会影响后代的饮食和体重状况。肥胖是一种促炎状态，与饮食炎症指数（DII®）有关。儿童饮食炎症指数（C-DII™）的预测因素及其与儿童肥胖的关系尚不清楚。我们评估了成人能量调整后的 DII（E-DII）评分与儿童 DII 之间的代际关系及其与儿童体重状况的关系。
这项研究包括 Lifeways 跨代队列研究中的 551 名儿童及其母婴、父母和祖父母。在基线时为孕妇、父母和祖父母生成 E-DII 评分，在母亲和儿童 5 年随访时生成，使用验证后的食物频率问卷。在 5 岁和 9 岁时测量体重指数（BMI）和腰围。使用 logistic 回归和中介分析评估相关性。
儿童的 C-DII 评分较高，表明饮食更具促炎作用，与 5 岁时儿童肥胖（OR：1.09；95%CI：1.00-1.37；P=0.02）和超重/肥胖（OR：1.06；95%CI：1.01-1.09；P=0.01 和 OR：1.12；95%CI：1.07-1.18；P=0.01）的风险增加相关。母亲和父亲在怀孕期间吸烟（OR：1.98；95%CI：1.19-3.03；P=0.001 和 OR：1.64；95%CI：1.12-2.49；P=0.006）增加了儿童 5 岁时更高 C-DII 的可能性。儿童 BMI、看电视和由儿童保育员提供的所有膳食与更促炎的饮食相关（P<0.05），而母乳喂养和在家用餐与更抗炎的饮食相关（P<0.04）。较高的母亲（而非父亲）孕期（P<0.001）和 5 年随访（P=0.008）E-DII 评分与儿童 5 岁时更促炎的饮食相关。中介分析的结果表明，母亲的祖母 E-DII 评分可能通过母亲的 E-DII 评分间接影响 C-DII。
更促炎的饮食评分与儿童超重和肥胖有关。父母、家庭和个人因素独立影响 C-DII 评分。
