Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2024;25(3):454-462. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2024.2321915. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
In vehicle frontal collisions, it is crucial that the lap belt is designed to engage with the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) of occupants for a reliable restraint. This study aims to understand the influence of different seated postures on the geometrical relationship of the seat belt and the pelvis for various occupants using 3D upright and supine computed tomography (CT) systems.
The 3D shapes of bones and soft tissues around the pelvis were acquired through a CT scan for 30 participants. They were seated in a rigid seat equipped with a lap belt simulating the front seat of a small car, and wore a lap belt in three seated postures: upright, slouched and reclined. Parameters related to the likelihood of submarining occurrences, such as belt-ASIS overlap (an index for assessing the potential engagement of the lap belt with the ASIS) and the belt-pelvis angle (the difference between the belt angle and the normal direction of the anterior edge of the ilium) were compared.
It was observed that the pelvis angle tilted rearward as the hip point was positioned forward and seatback angle increased. This can be seen in the slouched and reclined posture. The belt-pelvis angle was comparable between the slouched and the reclined postures, and was closer to zero (indicating that the lap belt path is closer to perpendicular to the anterior edge of the ilium) compared to the upright posture. In contrast, the belt-ASIS overlap increased with an increasing flesh margin of the ASIS and shallower belt angle. This suggests that the belt-pelvis angle is influenced by the seated posture whereas the belt-ASIS overlap is dependent more on an individual's anthropometry. The plot of belt-pelvis angle and belt-ASIS overlap exhibited significant variability among participants.
The belt-pelvis angle and the belt-ASIS overlap of individuals will provide valuable information for understanding the current belt-fit location and predicting submarining occurrences for individuals in various postures when designing restraint systems.
在车辆正面碰撞中，确保安全带与乘员的前上髂嵴（ASIS）接合，以实现可靠的约束至关重要。本研究旨在使用 3D 直立和仰卧计算机断层扫描（CT）系统，了解不同坐姿对各种乘员的座带和骨盆几何关系的影响。
通过 CT 扫描获取 30 名参与者骨盆周围骨骼和软组织的 3D 形状。他们坐在装有模拟小型汽车前排座椅的安全带的刚性座椅上，并以三种坐姿佩戴安全带：直立、懒散和斜倚。比较了与潜艇发生相关的参数，如带-ASIS 重叠（评估安全带与 ASIS 潜在接合的指标）和带-骨盆角度（带角度与髂骨前缘法线之间的差异）。
观察到随着髋点向前移动和座椅靠背角度增加，骨盆角度向后倾斜。这在懒散和斜倚姿势中可以看到。懒散和斜倚姿势之间的带-骨盆角度相当，并且比直立姿势更接近零（表明安全带路径更接近垂直于髂骨前缘）。相比之下，带-ASIS 重叠随着 ASIS 肉缘的增加和带角度的变浅而增加。这表明带-骨盆角度受坐姿影响，而带-ASIS 重叠更多地取决于个体的人体测量学。带-骨盆角度和带-ASIS 重叠的图在参与者之间表现出显著的可变性。
个体的带-骨盆角度和带-ASIS 重叠将为了解当前安全带贴合位置和预测各种姿势下个体的潜艇发生提供有价值的信息，在设计约束系统时。
