琉球刺鼠失去 Y 染色体后，其原本位于 Y 染色体上的基因去了哪里？

Where Are the Formerly Y-linked Genes in the Ryukyu Spiny Rat that has Lost its Y Chromosome?

机构信息

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

出版信息

Genome Biol Evol. 2024 Mar 2;16(3). doi: 10.1093/gbe/evae046.

DOI:10.1093/gbe/evae046

PMID:38478711

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10959550/

Abstract

It has been predicted that the highly degenerate mammalian Y chromosome will be lost eventually. Indeed, Y was lost in the Ryukyu spiny rat Tokudaia osimensis, but the fate of the formerly Y-linked genes is not completely known. We looked for all 12 ancestrally Y-linked genes in a draft T. osimensis genome sequence. Zfy1, Zfy2, Kdm5d, Eif2s3y, Usp9y, Uty, and Ddx3y are putatively functional and are now located on the X chromosome, whereas Rbmy, Uba1y, Ssty1, Ssty2, and Sry are missing or pseudogenized. Tissue expressions of the mouse orthologs of the retained genes are significantly broader/higher than those of the lost genes, suggesting that the destinies of the formerly Y-linked genes are related to their original expressions. Interestingly, patterns of gene retention/loss are significantly more similar than by chance across four rodent lineages where Y has been independently lost, indicating a level of certainty in the fate of Y-linked genes even when the chromosome is gone.

摘要

据预测，高度退化的哺乳动物 Y 染色体最终将消失。事实上，Y 染色体已经在琉球刺鼠（Tokudaia osimensis）中丢失，但其以前与 Y 染色体相连的基因的命运尚不完全清楚。我们在琉球刺鼠的基因组草图中寻找了所有 12 个祖先 Y 连锁基因。Zfy1、Zfy2、Kdm5d、Eif2s3y、Usp9y、Uty 和 Ddx3y 被认为是功能性的，现在位于 X 染色体上，而 Rbmy、Uba1y、Ssty1、Ssty2 和 Sry 缺失或失活。保留基因的小鼠同源基因的组织表达明显比丢失基因的表达更广泛/更高，这表明以前与 Y 染色体相连的基因的命运与其原始表达有关。有趣的是，在四个 Y 染色体已经独立丢失的啮齿动物谱系中，基因保留/丢失的模式比随机情况下更相似，这表明即使染色体消失，Y 染色体基因的命运也具有一定的确定性。