Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
Department of Hematology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Apr;60:289-297. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.02.014. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Previous observational studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding associations between red/processed meat intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some studies have suggested positive relationships, while others have demonstrated no significant associations. However, causal effects remain uncertain. This 2023 Mendelianrandomization (MR) study investigated the causal relationship between red and processed meat (porkmeat, mutton meat, beef meat)intake and CVD risk by analyzing summary data from the UK Biobank (exposure), CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (coronary artery disease [CAD]), MEGASTROKE (stroke), Nielsen et al. (atrial fibrillation [AF]), HERMES (heart failure [HF]), and FinnGen (cardiovascular outcomes) public databases. METHODS: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of red meat (pork, beef, and mutton) and processed meat were sourced from the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank. GWAS data on CVD for this study were obtained from the Gene and FinnGen consortia. The primary method employed for the two-sample MR analysis was inverse variance weighting (IVW). Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the reliability and consistency of the results. RESULTS: Genetically predicted red and processed meat consumption did not demonstrate a causal association with any CVD outcomes when employing the IVW method. For processed meat intake, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals CIs) in large consortia were as follows: 0.88 (0.56-1.39) for CAD, 0.91 (0.65-1.27) for AF, 0.84 (0.58-1.21) for HF, and 1.00 (0.75-1.05) for stroke. In FinnGen, the ORs were as follows: 1.15 (0.83-1.59) for CAD, 1.25 (0.75-2.07) for AF, 1.09 (0.73-1.64) for HF, and 1.27 (0.85-1.91) for stroke. For beef intake, the ORs (95% CIs) in large consortia were as follows: 0.70 (0.28-1.73) for CAD, 0.85 (0.49-1.49) for AF, 0.80 (0.35-1.83) for HF, and 1.29 (0.85-1.95) for stroke. In FinnGen, the ORs were as follows: 2.01 (0.75-5.39) for CAD, 1.83 (0.60-5.56) for AF, 0.80 (0.30-2.13) for HF, and 1.30 (0.62-2.73) for stroke. For pork intake, the ORs (95% CIs) in large consortia were as follows: 1.25 (0.37-4.22) for CAD, 1.26 (0.73-2.15) for AF, 1.71 (0.86-3.39) for HF, and 1.15 (0.63-2.11) for stroke. In FinnGen, the ORs were as follows: 1.12 (0.43-2.88) for CAD, 0.39 (0.08-1.83) for AF, 0.62 (0.20-1.88) for HF, and 0.60 (0.21-1.65) for stroke. For mutton intake, the ORs (95% CIs) in large consortia were as follows: 0.84 (0.48-1.44) for CAD, 0.84 (0.56-1.26) for AF, 1.04 (0.65-1.67) for HF, and 1.06 (0.77-1.45) for stroke. In FinnGen, the ORs were as follows: 1.20 (0.65-2.21) for CAD, 0.92 (0.44-1.92) for AF, 0.74 (0.34-1.58) for HF, and 0.75 (0.45-1.24) for stroke. The results remained robust and consistent in both the meta-analysis and supplementary MR analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This MR study demonstrated no significant causal relationships between red/processed meat intake and the risk of the four CVD outcomes examined. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings.
背景与目的：先前的观察性研究对于红/加工肉类摄入与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的关联得出了不一致的结果。一些研究表明存在正相关关系，而另一些研究则表明没有显著关联。然而，因果效应仍不确定。本 2023 年孟德尔随机化（MR）研究通过分析英国生物库（暴露）、CARDIoGRAMplusC4D（冠心病[CAD]）、MEGASTROKE（中风）、Nielsen 等人（心房颤动[AF]）、HERMES（心力衰竭[HF]）和 FinnGen（心血管结局）公共数据库中的汇总数据，调查了红和加工肉（猪肉、羊肉、牛肉）摄入与 CVD 风险之间的因果关系。 方法：红肉类（猪肉、牛肉和羊肉）和加工肉类的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）源自英国生物库（UK Biobank）。本研究用于 CVD 的 GWAS 数据来自 Gene 和 FinnGen 联盟。采用两样本 MR 分析的主要方法是逆方差加权（IVW）。进行敏感性分析以评估结果的可靠性和一致性。 结果：采用 IVW 方法，遗传预测的红肉类和加工肉类的消费与任何 CVD 结局之间均不存在因果关联。对于加工肉类的摄入，大联盟中的优势比（ORs）（95%置信区间 [CI]）如下：CAD 为 0.88（0.56-1.39），AF 为 0.91（0.65-1.27），HF 为 0.84（0.58-1.21），中风为 1.00（0.75-1.05）。在 FinnGen 中，ORs 如下：CAD 为 1.15（0.83-1.59），AF 为 1.25（0.75-2.07），HF 为 1.09（0.73-1.64），中风为 1.27（0.85-1.91）。对于牛肉的摄入，大联盟中的 ORs（95%CI）如下：CAD 为 0.70（0.28-1.73），AF 为 0.85（0.49-1.49），HF 为 0.80（0.35-1.83），中风为 1.29（0.85-1.95）。在 FinnGen 中，ORs 如下：CAD 为 2.01（0.75-5.39），AF 为 1.83（0.60-5.56），HF 为 0.80（0.30-2.13），中风为 1.30（0.62-2.73）。对于猪肉的摄入，大联盟中的 ORs（95%CI）如下：CAD 为 1.25（0.37-4.22），AF 为 1.26（0.73-2.15），HF 为 1.71（0.86-3.39），中风为 1.15（0.63-2.11）。在 FinnGen 中，ORs 如下：CAD 为 1.12（0.43-2.88），AF 为 0.39（0.08-1.83），HF 为 0.62（0.20-1.88），中风为 0.60（0.21-1.65）。对于羊肉的摄入，大联盟中的 ORs（95%CI）如下：CAD 为 0.84（0.48-1.44），AF 为 0.84（0.56-1.26），HF 为 1.04（0.65-1.67），中风为 1.06（0.77-1.45）。在 FinnGen 中，ORs 如下：CAD 为 1.20（0.65-2.21），AF 为 0.92（0.44-1.92），HF 为 0.74（0.34-1.58），中风为 0.75（0.45-1.24）。Meta 分析和补充 MR 分析的结果均稳健且一致。 结论：本 MR 研究表明，红/加工肉类的摄入与所研究的四种 CVD 结局之间没有显著的因果关系。需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现。
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