Li Guangling, Jiang Jiangang, Li Zeping
Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024 Mar 25. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae117.
Numerous observational studies have indicated a potential association between the consumption of processed and red meat and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the presence of a causal relationship remains uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of processed meat and red meat (pork, lamb, and beef) on the risk of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, and stroke, and T2DM, using a Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
MR analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR Egger methods. To identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy, Cochrane's Q test and MR-Egger test were employed. Additionally, the stability of the MR results was assessed using the leave-one-out method.
IVW analyses reveal no causal association between the consumption of processed and red meat and the incidence of CAD, hypertension, stroke, and T2DM (P > 0.05). When considering processed meat intake, heterogeneity is observed in hypertension and stroke outcomes (P < 0.05). For pork intake, heterogeneity is seen in hypertension, stroke, and T2DM (P < 0.05). Lamb intake shows heterogeneity in hypertension and T2DM (P < 0.05). However, other exposures and outcomes examined show no heterogeneity (P > 0.05). No significant pleiotropy is detected for all exposures through an MR-Egger test (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the Leave-one-out test demonstrates the robustness of the results.
The study discerned no observable impact of red and processed meat consumption on CAD, hypertension, stroke, and T2DM. The findings of this study challenge the prevailing conventional perspective in the field.
大量观察性研究表明，加工肉类和红肉的消费与心血管疾病及2型糖尿病（T2DM）风险增加之间可能存在关联。然而，因果关系是否存在仍不确定。因此，本研究的目的是使用两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）分析，评估加工肉类和红肉（猪肉、羊肉和牛肉）对心血管疾病风险（包括冠状动脉疾病（CAD）、高血压和中风）以及T2DM的影响。
采用逆方差加权（IVW）、加权中位数（WM）和MR Egger方法进行MR分析。为识别异质性和多效性，采用了Cochrane's Q检验和MR-Egger检验。此外，使用留一法评估MR结果的稳定性。
IVW分析显示，加工肉类和红肉的消费与CAD、高血压、中风和T2DM的发病率之间无因果关联（P>0.05）。在考虑加工肉类摄入量时，高血压和中风结局中观察到异质性（P<0.05）。对于猪肉摄入量，高血压、中风和T2DM中存在异质性（P<0.05）。羊肉摄入量在高血压和T2DM中显示出异质性（P<0.05）。然而，所检查的其他暴露因素和结局未显示出异质性（P>0.05）。通过MR-Egger检验，所有暴露因素均未检测到显著的多效性（P>0.05）。此外，留一法检验证明了结果的稳健性。
该研究未发现红肉和加工肉类消费对CAD、高血压、中风和T2DM有明显影响。本研究的结果挑战了该领域普遍的传统观点。
