National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA); Private Bay 14901; Kilbirnie; Wellington 6241; New Zealand.
Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; 16 Science Drive 4; Singapore 117558; Singapore.
Zootaxa. 2024 Mar 14;5424(3):323-357. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5424.3.3.
All eight extant species ofRhabdopleuradescribed between 1869 and 2018 are provisionally accepted as valid based on a review of the literature and new data on two little-known species from the Azores. Additionally, four new species are described from the New Zealand region, increasing global diversity by 50%, and a dichotomous key to all 12 described species is provided based on morphological criteria. The distinction between colony morphologies based on erect-tube inception is regarded as particularly helpful in initial characterization of species. Erect ringed tubes are either produced directly from the surface of creeping-tubes or indirectly, i.e. a short adherent side branch from a creeping tube is interpolated between the creeping tube and an erect tube; such side branches are blind-ending. These two modes of erect-tube origination are here respectively termeddirectandindirect. Species with indirect erect-tube budding are predominant in the North Atlantic whereas species with direct erect-tube budding dominate in New Zealand waters. The only indirect-erect species from New Zealand, Rhabdopleura chathamica n. sp., was discovered on deepwater coral from 10081075 m, constituting the deepest record of the genus to date. Rhabdopleura emancipata n. sp., collected only in a detached state, constitutes a three-dimensional tangled growth that grew freely into the water columna unique morphology hitherto unknown among extant species. Owing to this growth mode, it provided a substratum for epibionts from several phyla. Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp. and Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp. are morphologically very similar but are distinguishable by their distinct placements in a phylogeny based on 16S mitochondrial and 18S nuclear rRNA genes. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on rRNA and mitochondrial genome data contribute to an updated phylogeny of all Rhabdopleura species sequenced thus far, some of which require more molecular sequences and morphological analyses for taxonomic determination.
所有在 1869 年至 2018 年之间描述的 8 个现存的 Rhabdopleura 物种，根据文献综述和对来自亚速尔群岛的两个鲜为人知的物种的新数据，被暂时认定为有效。此外，还从新西兰地区描述了四个新物种，使全球多样性增加了 50%，并根据形态标准提供了所有 12 个描述物种的二分关键。基于直立管起始的群体形态的区别被认为在物种的初始特征描述中特别有帮助。直立环状管要么直接从爬行管的表面产生，要么间接产生，即从爬行管到直立管之间插入一个爬行管的短附着侧枝；这种侧枝是盲端的。这两种直立管起源方式分别称为直接和间接。具有间接直立管出芽的物种在北大西洋占主导地位，而具有直接直立管出芽的物种在新西兰水域占主导地位。新西兰唯一的间接直立物种 Rhabdopleura chathamica n. sp. 是在水深 10081075 米的深海珊瑚上发现的，这是该属迄今为止的最深记录。Rhabdopleura emancipata n. sp. 仅以分离状态采集，构成了一种独特的三维缠绕生长，这种生长自由地进入水柱，是现存物种中迄今未知的形态。由于这种生长模式，它为来自几个门的附生物提供了基质。Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp. 和 Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp. 在形态上非常相似，但可以通过它们在基于 16S 线粒体和 18S 核 rRNA 基因的系统发育中的不同位置来区分。基于 rRNA 和线粒体基因组数据的系统发育重建有助于更新迄今为止所有测序的 Rhabdopleura 物种的系统发育，其中一些需要更多的分子序列和形态分析来进行分类学确定。
